Companion ruleset
Uniform Superior Court Rules →
Title 9 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated
Civil Practice · 695 sections across 17 chapters · 162 built so far
Title 9 is where Georgia codifies civil practice by statute — actions generally, limitations of actions, declaratory judgments, injunctions, extraordinary writs, auditors, receivers, arbitration, and the Civil Practice Act itself (Chapter 11, Georgia's own enactment of trial-level procedure closely modeled on the Federal Rules) — enacted by the Georgia General Assembly and codified by the Georgia Code Revision Commission. It is the companion to the Uniform Superior Court Rules. This is being published in stages, with more chapters going live as they are completed. Browse what is built below, with verbatim text and a plain-English summary for every section.
Source: Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Georgia Code Revision Commission / LexisNexis ·
Enacted by the Georgia General Assembly ·
Current through the 2026 Special Session of the Georgia General Assembly ·
Official source
Chapter 1. General Provisions
1 of 1 sections built
Chapter 2. Actions Generally
31 of 31 sections built
Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-2-1 Definitions
- 9-2-2 Actions in personam; actions in rem
- 9-2-3 Remedy for every right
- 9-2-4 Pursuit of consistent or inconsistent remedies
- 9-2-5 Prosecution of two simultaneous actions for same cause against same party prohibited; election; pendency of former action as defense; exception
- 9-2-6 Demand prior to action not necessary
- 9-2-7 Implied promise to pay for services or property
- 9-2-8 Private rights of action not created unless expressly stated
Article 2. Parties
- 9-2-20 Parties to actions on contracts; action by beneficiary
- 9-2-21 Parties to actions for torts; notice to Department of Community Health for a party who has received medical assistance benefits
- 9-2-22 Joinder of defendants in action for deficiencies in construction
- 9-2-23 Separate action by tenant in common
- 9-2-24 Action by unincorporated association
- 9-2-25 Action against unincorporated association; service of process; venue; what property bound by judgment
- 9-2-26 Prosecution of action against less than all joint contractors or copartners
- 9-2-27 Action against representative of joint obligor
- 9-2-28 Effect of action by minor alone
- 9-2-29 Plaintiff in penal action
- 9-2-30 Substitution of plaintiff’s spouse or others in action on chose in action assigned as year’s support
Article 3. Abatement
- 9-2-40 No abatement on death of party where cause survives
- 9-2-41 Nonabatement of tort actions; survival of cause; no punitive damages against representative
- 9-2-42 Death of one or more codefendants; suggestion of record
- 9-2-43 No abatement where some defendants not liable
- 9-2-44 Effect of former recovery; pendency of former action
- 9-2-45 No abatement for pendency of action in another state
- 9-2-46 Institution of action on same cause in other state; setting case in this state; postponement limited
- 9-2-47 Precedence of first filed informer’s action; abatement of others
Chapter 3. Limitations of Actions
51 of 53 sections built
Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-3-1 Limitations against the state
- 9-3-2 Limitations against municipalities
- 9-3-3 Applicability of limitation statutes; equitable bar
- 9-3-4 Limitations as to trusts Reserved
- 9-3-5 Beneficiaries barred along with trustee
- 9-3-6 Applicability of limitations to setoffs
- 9-3-7 When mutual accounts postpone running of limitations
Article 2. Specific Periods of Limitation
- 9-3-20 Actions on foreign judgments
- 9-3-21 Proceedings to set aside judgments Reserved
- 9-3-22 Enforcement of rights under statutes, acts of incorporation; recovery of wages, overtime, and damages
- 9-3-23 Sealed instruments
- 9-3-24 Actions on simple written contracts; exceptions
- 9-3-25 Open accounts; breach of certain contracts; implied promise; exception
- 9-3-26 Other actions on contracts; exception
- 9-3-27 Actions against fiduciaries
- 9-3-28 Actions by informers
- 9-3-29 Breach of restrictive covenant
- 9-3-30 Trespass or damage to realty
- 9-3-30.1 Actions against manufacturers or suppliers of asbestos or material containing asbestos
- 9-3-30.2 Actions against persons engaged in land surveying
- 9-3-31 Injuries to personalty
- 9-3-32 Accrual of actions for recovery of personal property or loss of timber; damages for conversion or destruction
- 9-3-33 Injuries to the person; injuries to reputation; loss of consortium; exception
- 9-3-33.1 Actions for childhood sexual abuse
- 9-3-34 Article not applicable to malpractice
- 9-3-35 Actions by creditor seeking relief under Uniform Voidable Transactions Act
- 9-3-36 Limitations on claims arising before decedent’s death
Article 3. Limitations on Recovery for Deficiencies Connected with Improvements to Realty and Resulting Injuries
Article 4. Limitations for Malpractice Actions
Article 5. Tolling of Limitations
- 9-3-90 Individuals under disability or imprisoned when cause of action accrues
- 9-3-91 Disabilities suffered after accrual of cause
- 9-3-92 Five-year tolling for unrepresented estate — In favor of estate
- 9-3-93 Five-year tolling for unrepresented estate — In favor of creditors
- 9-3-94 Removal of defendant from state
- 9-3-95 Disability of one or more with joint right of action; effect of severability
- 9-3-96 Tolling of limitations for fraud of defendant
- 9-3-97 Limitations extended for counterclaims and cross-claims
- 9-3-97.1 Tolling of limitations for medical malpractice
- 9-3-98 Applicability of article
- 9-3-99 Tolling of limitations for tort actions while criminal prosecution is pending
Article 6. Revival
Chapter 4. Declaratory Judgments
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- 9-4-1 Purpose and construction of chapter
- 9-4-2 [Effective July 1, 2026] Declaratory judgments authorized; force and effect
- 9-4-3 Further relief; interlocutory extraordinary relief to preserve status quo
- 9-4-4 Declaratory judgments involving fiduciaries
- 9-4-5 [Effective July 1, 2026] Filing and service; time of trial; drawing of jury
- 9-4-6 Submission of fact issues to jury
- 9-4-7 Only parties affected; when municipality made party; when Attorney General served and heard
- 9-4-8 When court may refuse declaratory judgment
- 9-4-9 Costs
- 9-4-10 [Effective July 1, 2026] Equity jurisdiction not impaired
- 9-4-11 Combining proceedings in probate court
Chapter 5. Injunctions
11 of 11 sections built
- 9-5-1 For what purposes injunctions may be issued
- 9-5-2 No interference by equity in administration of criminal laws
- 9-5-3 When court proceedings enjoined; injunctions against sheriffs’ sales
- 9-5-4 Grounds for restraint of trespass
- 9-5-5 When waste enjoined
- 9-5-6 Injunction against debtors not generally available to creditors
- 9-5-7 When breach of contract for personal services enjoined
- 9-5-8 Grant of injunctions in discretion of court; power to be exercised cautiously
- 9-5-9 Second injunction in court’s discretion
- 9-5-10 Perpetual injunction after hearing
- 9-5-11 Injunctions against certain transactions outside state
Chapter 6. Extraordinary Writs
20 of 20 sections built
Article 1. General Provisions
Article 2. Mandamus
- 9-6-20 When mandamus may issue; exceptions
- 9-6-21 Not a private remedy; enforcement of officer’s discretionary acts
- 9-6-22 Enforcement of officer’s duties under Title 5
- 9-6-23 Enforcement of corporation’s public duty
- 9-6-24 What interest required to enforce public right
- 9-6-25 Loss prerequisite to enforcing private right
- 9-6-26 Mandamus not granted where fruitless, nor on suspicion
- 9-6-27 Time of hearing; notice; how and when issues of fact determined
- 9-6-28 Appeal
Article 3. Prohibition
Article 4. Quo Warranto
- 9-6-60 For what purpose quo warranto may issue; who may bring action
- 9-6-61 Writ lies against civil and military officers; Governor exempt
- 9-6-62 When granted; how issues of fact tried
- 9-6-63 Service of writ and process
- 9-6-64 How issues of law determined; time for final determination; appeal; application to issues of fact
- 9-6-65 Jury trial where facts at issue; time of trial; continuances
- 9-6-66 Disposition of books and papers by judgment
Chapter 7. Auditors
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- 9-7-1 Duties of auditor
- 9-7-2 When facts referred to auditor; on application and notice; on court’s own motion
- 9-7-3 Appointment of auditor in matters of account; on application and notice; on court’s own motion
- 9-7-4 Appointment of person agreed on
- 9-7-5 Where hearing held; notice of hearing; auditor’s oath
- 9-7-6 Powers of auditor generally
- 9-7-7 Contempt referred to superior court
- 9-7-8 Contents of report — Rulings, findings, and conclusions
- 9-7-9 Contents of report — Motions and rulings; transcript; documentary evidence
- 9-7-10 Contents of report — Evidence deemed inadmissible
- 9-7-11 Written notice of filing report
- 9-7-12 Report prima facie true
- 9-7-13 When report recommitted
- 9-7-14 Time for filing exceptions; classification; extension on application; what exceptions to specify
- 9-7-15 Exceptions to matters outside record; certification by auditor or return with objections; application for mandamus; notice and hearing; effect of mandamus absolute
- 9-7-16 Exceptions of law for judge
- 9-7-17 When exceptions of fact tried by jury; burden of proof; right to open and conclude
- 9-7-18 Trial on the record; what additional evidence introduced; what evidence excluded
- 9-7-19 When new testimony considered; application; notice; rights of opposite party
- 9-7-20 Form of jury’s verdict
- 9-7-21 Court to frame judgment or decree
- 9-7-22 Auditor’s fees
- 9-7-23 Compensation of reporter; by whom paid
Chapter 8. Receivers
14 of 14 sections built
- 9-8-1 Appointment of receiver — Grounds generally
- 9-8-2 Appointment of receiver — To protect trust or joint property
- 9-8-3 Appointment of receiver — To hold assets liable for debt; appointment without notice; terms
- 9-8-4 Caution to be exercised in appointing receiver
- 9-8-5 Intervention of persons asserting equitable remedies
- 9-8-6 Lienholders made parties; divestment by receiver’s sale
- 9-8-7 Investment of funds in receivership
- 9-8-8 Receiver an officer of court; subject to court’s orders or removal
- 9-8-9 To which court receivers of corporations amenable
- 9-8-10 Receiver’s bond
- 9-8-11 Liability of receiver where bank fails
- 9-8-12 Garnishment not available against receiver
- 9-8-13 Award of attorneys’ and receivers’ fees; how determined
- 9-8-14 Expenses of giving bond allowable as cost of administration
Chapter 9. Arbitration
0 of 83 sections built
Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-9-1 Short title In preparation
- 9-9-2 Applicability; exclusive method In preparation
- 9-9-3 Effect of arbitration agreement In preparation
- 9-9-4 Application to court; venue; service of papers; scope of court’s consideration; application for order of attachment or preliminary injunction In preparation
- 9-9-5 Limitation of time as bar to arbitration In preparation
- 9-9-6 Application to compel or stay arbitration; demand for arbitration; consolidation of proceedings In preparation
- 9-9-7 Appointment of arbitrators In preparation
- 9-9-8 Time and place for hearing; notice; application for prompt hearing; conduct of hearing; right to counsel; record; waiver In preparation
- 9-9-9 Power of subpoena; enforcement; use of discovery; opportunity to examine documents; compensation of witnesses In preparation
- 9-9-10 Award to be in writing; copies furnished; time of making award; waiver In preparation
- 9-9-11 When award changed; application for change; objection thereto; time for disposition of application In preparation
- 9-9-12 Confirmation of award by court In preparation
- 9-9-13 Vacation of award by court; application; grounds; rehearing; appeal of order In preparation
- 9-9-14 Modification of award by court; application; grounds; subsequent confirmation of award In preparation
- 9-9-15 Judgment on award In preparation
- 9-9-16 Appeals authorized In preparation
- 9-9-17 Arbitrators’ fees and expenses In preparation
- 9-9-18 Commencement or continuation of proceedings upon death or incompetency of party In preparation
- 9-9-20 Short title; statement of purpose In preparation
- 9-9-21 Applicability In preparation
- 9-9-22 Definitions In preparation
- 9-9-23 Interpretation In preparation
- 9-9-24 Receipt of written communications In preparation
- 9-9-25 Waiver of right to object to violations of arbitration agreement In preparation
- 9-9-26 Judicial intervention and enforcement In preparation
- 9-9-27 County where agreement to be enforced In preparation
- 9-9-28 Arbitration agreements to be in writing; definitions In preparation
- 9-9-29 Arbitration referrals In preparation
- 9-9-30 Interim measures of protection In preparation
- 9-9-31 Number of arbitrators In preparation
- 9-9-32 Appointment of arbitrators; immunity from liability In preparation
- 9-9-33 Arbitrator disclosure requirements; challenge of arbitrator for doubts as to impartiality or independence In preparation
- 9-9-34 Procedure for challenging arbitrator In preparation
- 9-9-35 Inability of arbitrator to carry out or perform functions; termination of mandate In preparation
- 9-9-36 Appointment of substitute arbitrator In preparation
- 9-9-37 Disputes as to jurisdiction In preparation
- 9-9-38 Interim measures In preparation
- 9-9-39 When recognition or enforcement of interim measure may be refused In preparation
- 9-9-40 Treatment of parties In preparation
- 9-9-41 Procedure to be followed by arbitration tribunal In preparation
- 9-9-42 Place of arbitration In preparation
- 9-9-43 Date of commencement of arbitral proceedings In preparation
- 9-9-44 Languages to be used in arbitral proceedings; translation of documentary evidence In preparation
- 9-9-45 Facts supporting claim; amendment or supplementing of claim In preparation
- 9-9-46 How proceedings to be conducted; oral hearings; notice; consolidation of proceedings or hearings In preparation
- 9-9-47 Effects of failure to state facts supporting claim, failure to put forward statement of defense, or failure to appear at hearing or to produce documentary evidence In preparation
- 9-9-48 Appointment of experts In preparation
- 9-9-49 Subpoenas for witnesses and other evidence; compensation of witnesses In preparation
- 9-9-50 Rules applicable to disputes In preparation
- 9-9-51 Decision-making when more than one arbitrator In preparation
- 9-9-52 Settlement; arbitration award on agreed terms In preparation
- 9-9-53 Arbitration award In preparation
- 9-9-54 Termination of arbitral proceedings In preparation
- 9-9-55 Correction or interpretation of arbitration award; additional arbitration awards; extension of time for correction, interpretation, or additional award In preparation
- 9-9-56 Recourse against arbitration award; criteria for setting aside award; time for making application to set aside In preparation
- 9-9-57 Arbitration award recognized as binding; enforcement In preparation
- 9-9-58 Grounds for refusing recognition or enforcement of arbitration award In preparation
- 9-9-59 Appeal of final judgment In preparation
Article 2. Medical Malpractice
- 9-9-60 “Medical malpractice claim” defined In preparation
- 9-9-61 Medical malpractice arbitration authorized In preparation
- 9-9-62 Petition for arbitration; arbitration order and appointment of referee; conditions precedent to enforceability In preparation
- 9-9-63 Tolling of statute of limitations; when action permitted after filing of petition for arbitration In preparation
- 9-9-64 Appointment of reporter; duties; compensation In preparation
- 9-9-65 Arbitration submission; irrevocability absent consent In preparation
- 9-9-66 Qualifications and status of referee In preparation
- 9-9-67 Arbitrators — How chosen In preparation
- 9-9-68 Arbitrators — How vacancy filled In preparation
- 9-9-69 Arbitrators — Oath and affidavit In preparation
- 9-9-70 Postponement of arbitration In preparation
- 9-9-71 Adjournments by arbitrators; no meeting outside group In preparation
- 9-9-72 Discovery In preparation
- 9-9-73 Subpoena power of referee; compensation of witnesses In preparation
- 9-9-74 Powers of referee to compel production of documentary evidence In preparation
- 9-9-75 Competency of witnesses In preparation
- 9-9-76 Rules governing examination of witnesses and admission of evidence In preparation
- 9-9-77 Administration of oaths by referee In preparation
- 9-9-78 Findings by arbitrators; concurrence of two sufficient In preparation
- 9-9-79 Copy of findings furnished parties; entry of original on court’s minutes; effect and enforcement; clerk’s fees In preparation
- 9-9-80 Finality of findings absent appeal; appeals to superior courts; transmittal of record; when findings set aside; disposition of case; supersedeas In preparation
- 9-9-81 Costs; how taxed In preparation
- 9-9-82 Compensation of arbitrators and referee In preparation
- 9-9-83 Civil and criminal immunity of arbitrators In preparation
- 9-9-84 Governor’s Commission on Obstetrics Repealed
Chapter 10. Civil Practice and Procedure Generally
0 of 77 sections built
Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-10-1 Preference given to cases in which state is plaintiff In preparation
- 9-10-2 Actions against state void absent notice or waiver In preparation
- 9-10-3 Closed trials authorized in certain cases In preparation
- 9-10-4 Trial of collateral issues In preparation
- 9-10-5 Charges to be written out on request; exception; filing of written charges; copies In preparation
- 9-10-6 Juror’s private knowledge In preparation
- 9-10-7 Expression by judge of opinion in case reversible error In preparation
- 9-10-8 Approval or disapproval of verdict by judge forbidden; discharge or commendation of jury for verdict not permitted; judge expressing approval or disapproval disqualified from presiding at new trial In preparation
- 9-10-9 Jurors’ affidavits permitted to uphold but not impeach verdict Reserved
- 9-10-10 Cash bonds permitted; docketing In preparation
- 9-10-11 When appearance bond not forfeited by failure to attend; setting aside forfeiture of appearance bond In preparation
- 9-10-12 Certified mail equivalent to registered mail; sufficient compliance for notice by statutory overnight delivery In preparation
- 9-10-13 Effect of judgment on party vouched into court In preparation
- 9-10-14 Promulgation of form for use by inmates in actions against government In preparation
Article 2. Venue
- 9-10-30 Proceedings in equity generally; injunctions to stay pending litigation; divorce cases In preparation
- 9-10-31 Actions against certain codefendants residing in different counties; pleading requirements; application In preparation
- 9-10-31.1 Forums outside this state; waiver of statute of limitations defense In preparation
- 9-10-32 Action against maker and endorser residing in different counties In preparation
- 9-10-33 Action against nonresident found in state In preparation
- 9-10-34 Action against third-party defendant In preparation
- 9-10-50 When venue may be changed; how county for transfer to be selected; subsequent change of venue In preparation
- 9-10-51 Change of venue in action by county against county In preparation
- 9-10-52 Transmittal of transcript of order and record to court of transfer In preparation
- 9-10-53 Conduct of proceedings following transfer In preparation
- 9-10-54 Payment of costs accrued at time of transfer In preparation
Article 3. Service
- 9-10-70 Service on resident minor over 14 temporarily outside state; return or refusal of receipt; time for filing defensive pleadings; appointment of guardian ad litem; effect of service on guardian or trustee In preparation
- 9-10-71 Service by publication on nonresidents or unknown persons with interest in property in state In preparation
- 9-10-72 Issuance of second original where defendants reside out of county In preparation
- 9-10-73 Acknowledgment of service or waiver of process In preparation
Article 4. Personal Jurisdiction over Nonresidents
- 9-10-90 “Nonresident” defined In preparation
- 9-10-91 Grounds for exercise of personal jurisdiction over nonresident In preparation
- 9-10-92 Effect of appearance In preparation
- 9-10-93 Venue In preparation
- 9-10-94 Service In preparation
Article 5. Verification
- 9-10-110 Petitions for extraordinary equitable relief to be verified or supported by proof In preparation
- 9-10-111 When verified answer required; by whom made for corporate defendant In preparation
- 9-10-112 Verification of answer in action on open account In preparation
- 9-10-113 When verification sufficient In preparation
- 9-10-114 Use of verified answer as evidence; amendment of sworn answer In preparation
Article 6. Amendments
- 9-10-130 When affidavits amendable In preparation
- 9-10-131 Bonds in judicial proceedings amendable In preparation
- 9-10-132 Amendment of misnomers on motion In preparation
- 9-10-133 Mistake by clerk or ministerial officer In preparation
- 9-10-134 Amendment by negligent party; payment of costs; terms In preparation
- 9-10-135 Amendment of pleadings on court ruling not waiver of objection thereto In preparation
Article 7. Continuances
- 9-10-150 Grounds for continuance and stay — Attendance of party or attorney in General Assembly; writing requirement; considerations In preparation
- 9-10-151 Grounds for continuance — Attendance at board of regents or education meeting In preparation
- 9-10-152 Grounds for continuance — Attendance at meeting of Board of Human Services or Board of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities In preparation
- 9-10-153 Grounds for continuance — Service in National Guard; oath of party or statement of counsel In preparation
- 9-10-154 Grounds for continuance — Party providentially prevented from attendance; statement of counsel In preparation
- 9-10-155 Grounds for continuance — Illness or absence of counsel; oath of party In preparation
- 9-10-156 Grounds for continuance — Occupation of counsel as Attorney General in aid of General Assembly In preparation
- 9-10-157 When amending party granted continuance In preparation
- 9-10-158 Continuance to enable opposite party to meet amendment; when charged to amending party In preparation
- 9-10-159 Legislator attending General Assembly excused as witness; deposition in civil case In preparation
- 9-10-160 Continuance for absence of witness; what application to show In preparation
- 9-10-161 Denial of continuance for absence of witness or testimony where opposite party makes admission In preparation
- 9-10-162 Continuance after case sent back by appellate court In preparation
- 9-10-163 Continuance of appeals case In preparation
- 9-10-164 Continuances for one term only In preparation
- 9-10-165 Case not reached continued In preparation
- 9-10-166 Diligence to be shown by applicant for continuance In preparation
- 9-10-167 Continuance in discretion of court; countershowing to motion for continuance In preparation
- 9-10-168 When postponement substituted for continuance In preparation
- 9-10-169 Announcement and docketing of continuance In preparation
Article 8. Argument and Conduct of Counsel
- 9-10-180 Time limit for arguments In preparation
- 9-10-181 Extension of time limit for argument after application therefor In preparation
- 9-10-182 Number of counsel who may argue case In preparation
- 9-10-183 Use of blackboard, models, or similar devices in argument In preparation
- 9-10-184 Limitations on counsel on arguing damages; remedial measures for violations; conduct of voir dire as to damages In preparation
- 9-10-185 Prejudicial statements by counsel; prevention by court; rebuke of counsel and instruction to jury; mistrial In preparation
- 9-10-186 Opening and closing arguments In preparation
Article 9. General Civil Forms
- 9-10-200 Action for recovery of realty and mesne profits In preparation
- 9-10-201 Action for recovery of personalty In preparation
- 9-10-202 Action to recover money on a judgment In preparation
- 9-10-203 Action for breach of warranty in deed In preparation
- 9-10-204 Action for words In preparation
Chapter 11. Civil Practice Act
0 of 112 sections built
Article 1. Scope of Rules and Form of Action
- 9-11-1 Scope of chapter; construction In preparation
- 9-11-2 One form of action In preparation
Article 2. Commencement of Action and Service
- 9-11-3 Commencement of action; filing of civil case filing form In preparation
- 9-11-4 Process In preparation
- 9-11-4.1 Certified process servers In preparation
- 9-11-5 Service and filing of pleadings subsequent to the original complaint and other papers In preparation
- 9-11-6 Time In preparation
Article 3. Pleadings and Motions
- 9-11-7 Pleadings allowed; form of motions In preparation
- 9-11-7.1 Redacted information; exceptions and filings under seal; correction; protective orders; waivers In preparation
- 9-11-8 General rules of pleading In preparation
- 9-11-9 Pleading special matters In preparation
- 9-11-9.1 Affidavit to accompany charge of professional malpractice In preparation
- 9-11-9.2 Medical authorization forms; review of protected health information In preparation
- 9-11-10 Form of pleadings In preparation
- 9-11-11 Signing of pleadings; when verification required; rule abolished In preparation
- 9-11-11.1 Exercise of rights of freedom of speech and to petition government for redress of grievances; legislative findings; verification of claims; definitions; procedure on motions; exception; fees and expenses In preparation
- 9-11-12 Answer, defenses, and objections; when and how presented and heard; when defenses waived; stay of discovery In preparation
- 9-11-13 Counterclaim and cross-claim In preparation
- 9-11-14 Third-party practice In preparation
- 9-11-15 Amended and supplemental pleadings In preparation
- 9-11-16 Pretrial procedure; formulating issues; order; calendar In preparation
Article 4. Parties
- 9-11-17 Real party in interest; capacity In preparation
- 9-11-18 Joinder of claims and remedies In preparation
- 9-11-19 Joinder of persons needed for just adjudication In preparation
- 9-11-20 Permissive joinder of parties In preparation
- 9-11-21 Misjoinder and nonjoinder of parties In preparation
- 9-11-22 Interpleader In preparation
- 9-11-23 Class actions In preparation
- 9-11-24 Intervention In preparation
- 9-11-25 Substitution of parties In preparation
Article 5. Depositions and Discovery
- 9-11-26 General provisions governing discovery In preparation
- 9-11-26.1 Deposition from officers; protective orders In preparation
- 9-11-27 Depositions before action or pending appeal In preparation
- 9-11-28 [Effective July 1, 2026] Persons before whom depositions may be taken; disqualification for interest; consent of parties In preparation
- 9-11-29 Stipulations regarding discovery procedure In preparation
- 9-11-29.1 When depositions and other discovery material must be filed with court; custodian until filing; retention of depositions and other discovery materials In preparation
- 9-11-30 [Effective July 1, 2026] Depositions upon oral examination In preparation
- 9-11-31 Depositions upon written questions In preparation
- 9-11-32 Use of depositions in court proceedings; effect of errors and irregularities in depositions In preparation
- 9-11-33 Interrogatories to parties In preparation
- 9-11-34 Production of documents and things and entry upon land for inspection and other purposes; applicability to nonparties; confidentiality In preparation
- 9-11-34.1 Civil actions for evidence seized in criminal proceedings In preparation
- 9-11-35 Physical and mental examination of persons In preparation
- 9-11-36 Requests for admission In preparation
- 9-11-37 Failure to make discovery; motion to compel; sanctions; expenses In preparation
Article 6. Trials
- 9-11-38 Right to jury trial In preparation
- 9-11-39 Consent to trial by court; jury trial on court order In preparation
- 9-11-40 Time and place of trial In preparation
- 9-11-41 Dismissal of actions; effect In preparation
- 9-11-42 Consolidation; severance In preparation
- 9-11-43 Evidence In preparation
- 9-11-44 Official records Reserved
- 9-11-45 Subpoena for taking depositions; objections; place of examination In preparation
- 9-11-46 Exceptions unnecessary; objections to rulings or orders In preparation
- 9-11-47 Jurors In preparation
- 9-11-48 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-49 Special verdicts In preparation
- 9-11-50 Motions for directed verdict and for judgment notwithstanding the verdict In preparation
- 9-11-51 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-52 Findings by the court In preparation
- 9-11-53 Reserved In preparation
Article 7. Judgment
- 9-11-54 Judgments In preparation
- 9-11-55 Default judgment In preparation
- 9-11-57 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-58 Entry of judgment; judge’s name to be typed, printed, or stamped after signature; filing of civil case disposition form In preparation
- 9-11-59 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-60 Relief from judgments In preparation
- 9-11-61 Harmless error In preparation
- 9-11-62 Stay of proceedings to enforce a judgment In preparation
Article 8. Provisional and Final Remedies and Special Proceedings
- 9-11-63 Prohibition of contracts or agreements that conceal details relating to a claim of childhood sexual abuse In preparation
- 9-11-64 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-65 Injunctions and restraining orders In preparation
- 9-11-66 Receivers In preparation
- 9-11-67 Deposit in court In preparation
- 9-11-67.1 Settlement offers and agreements for personal injury, bodily injury, and death from motor vehicle; payment methods In preparation
- 9-11-68 Offers of settlement; damages for frivolous claims or defenses In preparation
- 9-11-69 Execution; discovery in aid thereof In preparation
- 9-11-70 Judgment for specific acts; vesting title In preparation
Article 9. General Provisions
- 9-11-78 Motion days In preparation
- 9-11-79 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-80 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-81 Applicability In preparation
- 9-11-82 Jurisdiction and venue unaffected In preparation
- 9-11-83 Local court rules In preparation
- 9-11-84 Forms In preparation
- 9-11-85 Short title In preparation
Article 10. Forms
- 9-11-100 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-101 Form of summons In preparation
- 9-11-102 Reserved In preparation
- 9-11-103 Form of complaint on a promissory note In preparation
- 9-11-104 Form of complaint on an account In preparation
- 9-11-105 Form of complaint for goods sold and delivered In preparation
- 9-11-106 Form of complaint for money lent In preparation
- 9-11-107 Form of complaint for money paid by mistake In preparation
- 9-11-108 Form of complaint for money had and received In preparation
- 9-11-109 Form of complaint for negligence In preparation
- 9-11-110 Form of complaint for negligence when plaintiff is unable to determine responsible person In preparation
- 9-11-111 Form of complaint for conversion In preparation
- 9-11-112 Form of complaint for specific performance of contract to convey land In preparation
- 9-11-113 Form of complaint on claim for debt and to set aside fraudulent conveyance under Code Section 9-11-18 In preparation
- 9-11-114 Form of complaint for negligence under Federal Employers’ Liability Act In preparation
- 9-11-118 Form of complaint for interpleader and declaratory relief In preparation
- 9-11-119 Form of motion to dismiss, presenting defense of failure to state a claim In preparation
- 9-11-120 Form of answer presenting defenses under subsection (b) of Code Section 9-11-12 In preparation
- 9-11-121 Form of answer to complaint set forth in Code Section 9-11-108, with counterclaim for interpleader In preparation
- 9-11-122 Form of summons and complaint against third-party defendant In preparation
- 9-11-123 Form of motion to intervene as a defendant under Code Section 9- 11-24 In preparation
- 9-11-124 Form of motion for production of documents under Code Section 9-11-34 In preparation
- 9-11-125 Form of request for admission under Code Section 9-11-36 In preparation
- 9-11-131 Form of judgment on jury verdict In preparation
- 9-11-132 Form of judgment on decision by the court In preparation
- 9-11-133 Forms meeting requirements for civil case filing and disposition information In preparation
Chapter 12. Verdict and Judgment
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Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-12-1 What verdict to cover In preparation
- 9-12-2 Instructions on form of verdict In preparation
- 9-12-3 How verdict received In preparation
- 9-12-4 Construction of verdicts In preparation
- 9-12-5 Verdict may be molded In preparation
- 9-12-6 Amendment of verdict — To conform to pleadings In preparation
- 9-12-7 Amendment of verdict — After dispersal of jury In preparation
- 9-12-8 Amendment of verdict — When part illegal In preparation
- 9-12-9 Judgment to conform to verdict In preparation
- 9-12-10 Judgment for principal and interest In preparation
- 9-12-11 Sureties and endorsers to be identified in judgment In preparation
- 9-12-12 Judgment for costs against fiduciary In preparation
- 9-12-13 Amount of judgment on bond In preparation
- 9-12-14 Amendment of judgment to conform to verdict In preparation
- 9-12-15 Judgment aided by verdict or amendable not set aside In preparation
- 9-12-16 Validity of judgment when court does not have jurisdiction In preparation
- 9-12-17 When creditors or purchasers may attack judgment In preparation
- 9-12-18 Right to confess judgment and appeal; where and when entered In preparation
- 9-12-19 Judgment suspended by appeal In preparation
- 9-12-20 Judgment when security given on appeal In preparation
- 9-12-21 Judgments transferable; status of transferee In preparation
- 9-12-22 Effect of transfer by attorney; ratification In preparation
- 9-12-23 Effect of consent judgment In preparation
Article 2. Effect of Judgments
- 9-12-40 Judgment conclusive between which persons and on what issues In preparation
- 9-12-41 Effect of judgment in rem In preparation
- 9-12-42 Judgment no bar absent decision on merits In preparation
- 9-12-43 Parol evidence admissible In preparation
Article 3. Dormancy and Revival of Judgments
- 9-12-60 When judgment becomes dormant; how dormancy prevented; docketing; applicability In preparation
- 9-12-61 Dormant judgments renewed by action or scire facias; time of renewal In preparation
- 9-12-62 Nature of scire facias In preparation
- 9-12-63 Issuance of scire facias; copies; service; return In preparation
- 9-12-64 Revival on motion after service of scire facias; when defendant entitled to jury trial In preparation
- 9-12-65 Scire facias when judgment transferred In preparation
- 9-12-66 Venue of action to renew judgment In preparation
- 9-12-67 Revival of judgment against nonresident; service by publication In preparation
- 9-12-68 Revival of dormant decrees for payment of money In preparation
Article 4. Judgment Liens
- 9-12-80 Equal dignity and binding effect of judgments In preparation
- 9-12-81 General execution docket; when money judgment in county of defendant’s residence creates lien against third parties without notice In preparation
- 9-12-82 When money judgment outside county of defendant’s residence creates lien against third parties without notice In preparation
- 9-12-83 When money judgment creates lien on land located outside county in which obtained against third parties without notice In preparation
- 9-12-84 When money judgment against nonresident creates lien on land within state against third parties without notice In preparation
- 9-12-85 Deeds, mortgages, judgments, or liens between parties not affected by money judgments In preparation
- 9-12-86 Recordation in county where property located prerequisite to lien on land In preparation
- 9-12-87 Judgments from same term considered of equal date In preparation
- 9-12-88 Extent property affected by judgment pending appeal In preparation
- 9-12-89 Effect of appellate proceeding on lien In preparation
- 9-12-90 Judgments relating to common disaster In preparation
- 9-12-91 Effect of judgment on promissory notes In preparation
- 9-12-92 Effect of judgment lien on personalty removed to another state, sold, and returned In preparation
- 9-12-93 When purchased property discharged from lien In preparation
- 9-12-94 Clerk’s fees In preparation
Article 5. Uniform Foreign-Country Money Judgments Recognition Act
- 9-12-110 Short title In preparation
- 9-12-111 Definitions In preparation
- 9-12-112 Applicability; burden of proof In preparation
- 9-12-113 Recognition and enforcement of foreign-country judgments In preparation
- 9-12-114 Recognition of personal jurisdiction In preparation
- 9-12-115 Procedure for recognition In preparation
- 9-12-116 Effect of recognition of foreign-country judgments In preparation
- 9-12-117 Stay pending appeal In preparation
- 9-12-118 Uniform construction In preparation
- 9-12-119 Situations not covered by article In preparation
Article 6. Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
- 9-12-130 Short title In preparation
- 9-12-131 “Foreign judgment” defined In preparation
- 9-12-132 Filing of judgment; force and effect following filing In preparation
- 9-12-133 Filing of foreign judgment; notice to judgment debtor; Code Section 9-11-4 inapplicable to article In preparation
- 9-12-134 Appeal or stay of foreign judgment; security for satisfaction In preparation
- 9-12-135 Clerk’s fees In preparation
- 9-12-136 Actions to enforce judgments preserved In preparation
- 9-12-137 Uniform construction In preparation
- 9-12-138 Judgments to which article applies In preparation
Chapter 13. Executions and Judicial Sales
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Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-13-1 Entry and signing of judgment prerequisite to execution In preparation
- 9-13-2 Execution suspended by appeal In preparation
- 9-13-3 Execution to follow judgment In preparation
- 9-13-4 Judge may frame executions In preparation
- 9-13-5 Amendment of execution — To conform to judgment or time of return In preparation
- 9-13-6 Amendment of execution — To conform to amended judgment In preparation
- 9-13-7 Amendment of execution — To correct mistake in issuance; alias execution In preparation
- 9-13-8 Issuance of alias execution to replace lost original In preparation
- 9-13-9 When execution returnable In preparation
- 9-13-10 Issuance of execution; to whom directed; on what property levied In preparation
- 9-13-11 Direction, levy, service, and return of execution when sheriff a party In preparation
- 9-13-12 Entry of levy on process In preparation
- 9-13-13 Written notice of levy on land In preparation
- 9-13-14 Bonds taken by executing officers valid; rights of plaintiffs not affected In preparation
- 9-13-15 Measure of damages on forthcoming bond In preparation
- 9-13-16 Penalty for fraudulent levy In preparation
Article 2. Parties in Execution
- 9-13-30 Execution against sureties and endorsers In preparation
- 9-13-31 Execution against principal and his surety on appeal In preparation
- 9-13-32 Execution following death of defendant In preparation
- 9-13-33 Executions using partnership name valid In preparation
- 9-13-34 Right to transfer execution; status of transferee In preparation
- 9-13-35 Effect of transfer by attorney; ratification In preparation
- 9-13-36 Transfer of execution upon payment; status of transferee; recording necessary to preserve lien; exception for tax executions In preparation
Article 3. Property Against Which Execution Levied
- 9-13-50 Designation by defendant of property to be levied on; when sheriff bound thereby In preparation
- 9-13-51 Sale of property subject to lien; order of application to payment In preparation
- 9-13-52 When sheriff may levy on and sell land outside county In preparation
- 9-13-53 When constable may levy on land; sale by sheriff In preparation
- 9-13-54 When growing crop levied on and sold In preparation
- 9-13-55 Seizure prerequisite to sale of personalty In preparation
- 9-13-56 Future interests in personalty In preparation
- 9-13-57 Choses in action In preparation
- 9-13-58 Corporation’s disclosure of worth of defendant’s shares mandated; refusal treated as contempt In preparation
- 9-13-59 What property liable to execution in action against joint contractors or partners when not all served In preparation
- 9-13-60 Taking up of debt to give defendant legal title to property; notice of levy and sale; application of proceeds In preparation
Article 4. Satisfaction or Discharge of Judgment and Execution
- 9-13-70 Suspension of execution for 60 days pending payment; bond In preparation
- 9-13-71 Sufficient levy on personalty prima-facie satisfaction; effect of dismissal In preparation
- 9-13-72 Release of property subject to execution In preparation
- 9-13-73 Application of fund to younger lien with senior lienholder’s consent In preparation
- 9-13-74 Release by agreement In preparation
- 9-13-75 Setoff of judgments; collection of balance In preparation
- 9-13-76 Execution by defendant after setoff In preparation
- 9-13-77 Control of execution after payment — By security In preparation
- 9-13-78 Control of execution after payment — By joint debtor In preparation
- 9-13-79 Partial payments to be entered In preparation
- 9-13-80 Execution to be canceled when satisfied; private right of action; damages In preparation
Article 5. Claims
- 9-13-90 Claims authorized; to be on oath In preparation
- 9-13-91 Bond and security for damages; how damages determined In preparation
- 9-13-92 Affidavit of indigence In preparation
- 9-13-93 Postponement of sale In preparation
- 9-13-94 Forthcoming bond for possession of property; amount and condition; not authorized for realty; when and where recoverable In preparation
- 9-13-95 Execution of affidavit and bond by partner or joint owner In preparation
- 9-13-96 When plaintiff in execution may give forthcoming bond In preparation
- 9-13-97 Sale of property on claimants’ application; order; advertisement; disposition of proceeds In preparation
- 9-13-98 When and where claim, levy, and execution to be returned In preparation
- 9-13-99 Return of claim or illegality against execution from probate court In preparation
- 9-13-100 Claim to be tried by jury In preparation
- 9-13-101 Additional oath of jurors; damages and costs when claim made for delay In preparation
- 9-13-102 Burden of proof In preparation
- 9-13-103 Withdrawal or discontinuance of claim limited In preparation
- 9-13-104 Trial of damage issue where claim dismissed or withdrawn In preparation
- 9-13-105 How damages assessed In preparation
- 9-13-106 Withdrawal of original execution and filing of copy In preparation
Article 6. Illegality
- 9-13-120 Affidavit of illegality — When authorized; bond and security In preparation
- 9-13-121 Affidavit of illegality — To show lack of service; not available to go behind judgment In preparation
- 9-13-122 Affidavit of illegality — Not available for excessive levy generally In preparation
- 9-13-123 Affidavit of illegality — By whom filed In preparation
- 9-13-124 Affidavit of illegality — When received In preparation
- 9-13-125 Affidavit of illegality — When and how amendable In preparation
- 9-13-126 Amount and condition of forthcoming bond In preparation
- 9-13-127 Suspension of execution; return of execution, affidavit, and bond; determination by court; issue tried by jury In preparation
- 9-13-128 Damages for delay; procedure following dismissal or withdrawal of illegality In preparation
- 9-13-129 Property subject to other executions; retention of sale proceeds to satisfy first execution; release of bond pro tanto In preparation
Article 7. Judicial Sales
- 9-13-140 How judicial sales advertised; description of property; advertisement and sale of livestock In preparation
- 9-13-141 Timing of advertisements In preparation
- 9-13-142 Requirements for official organ of publication; designation where no journal or newspaper qualifies; how official organ changed; notice to Secretary of State In preparation
- 9-13-143 Rates for legal advertisements In preparation
- 9-13-144 Alternate advertising when rates not agreed on In preparation
- 9-13-145 Advertising costs paid in advance; exception when affidavit of indigence filed In preparation
- 9-13-160 Time of conducting public sale In preparation
- 9-13-161 Where and when sales under execution held; change of place of public sales by court order In preparation
- 9-13-161.1 Holding of sales of personal property at place other than courthouse; advertisement of general order as to sale location In preparation
- 9-13-162 Continuance of sale from day to day In preparation
- 9-13-163 Sale of perishable property — When and by whom ordered; where held In preparation
- 9-13-164 Sale of perishable property — Advertisement; notice; disposition of proceeds In preparation
- 9-13-165 Sale of perishable property — Under tax executions In preparation
- 9-13-166 [Effective until January 1, 2027] Form of tender In preparation
- 9-13-167 Purchaser to ascertain title and condition; under what conditions officer personally liable In preparation
- 9-13-168 Obligations of purchaser In preparation
- 9-13-169 Note or memorandum unnecessary In preparation
- 9-13-170 Liability for purchase money; officer’s collection options In preparation
- 9-13-171 When defendant bound by sale under void process In preparation
- 9-13-172 When execution sale set aside In preparation
- 9-13-172.1 “Eligible sale” defined; recision of sale; damages In preparation
- 9-13-173 Effect of judicial sale on title In preparation
- 9-13-174 When sheriff’s successor empowered to make titles In preparation
- 9-13-175 Duty of officer to place purchaser in possession; which persons officer may dispossess In preparation
- 9-13-176 How possession obtained after expiration of court term or replacement of officer In preparation
- 9-13-177 Right to enforce covenants In preparation
- 9-13-178 When title deeds prior to purchase must be proved In preparation
Chapter 14. Habeas Corpus
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Article 1. General Provisions
- 9-14-1 Who may seek writ In preparation
- 9-14-2 Habeas corpus on account of detention of spouse or child In preparation
- 9-14-3 Petition for writ — Contents In preparation
- 9-14-4 Petition for writ — Verification; to whom presented In preparation
- 9-14-5 When writ granted In preparation
- 9-14-6 Form of writ In preparation
- 9-14-7 Return day for writ In preparation
- 9-14-8 Service of writ In preparation
- 9-14-9 When warrant for arrest of person detained to be issued along with writ In preparation
- 9-14-10 Respondent’s return to writ — When and where made In preparation
- 9-14-11 Respondent’s return to writ — Verification; production of person detained In preparation
- 9-14-12 Respondent’s return to writ — Statement of transfer of custody; procedure when transfer made to avoid writ In preparation
- 9-14-13 Production of legal process In preparation
- 9-14-14 Hearing of issue In preparation
- 9-14-15 To whom notice of hearing given In preparation
- 9-14-16 When person not to be discharged In preparation
- 9-14-17 Discharge for defect in affidavit, warrant, or commitment In preparation
- 9-14-18 Discharge after arrest for offense committed in another state In preparation
- 9-14-19 Powers of court in cases not covered by Code Sections 9-14-16 through 9-14-18 In preparation
- 9-14-20 Recordation of proceedings by clerk of court; fees In preparation
- 9-14-21 Costs of proceedings In preparation
- 9-14-22 Appeals; speedy hearing; transmittal of remittitur In preparation
- 9-14-23 Attachment for contempt for disobedience of writ In preparation
Article 2. Procedure for Persons under Sentence of State Court of Record
- 9-14-40 Legislative intent In preparation
- 9-14-41 Article as exclusive procedure In preparation
- 9-14-42 Grounds for writ; waiver of objection to jury composition In preparation
- 9-14-43 Jurisdiction and venue In preparation
- 9-14-44 Petition — Contents and verification In preparation
- 9-14-45 Petition — Service In preparation
- 9-14-46 Custody and production of petitioner In preparation
- 9-14-47 Time for answer and hearing In preparation
- 9-14-47.1 Petitions challenging for the first time state court proceedings resulting in a death sentence In preparation
- 9-14-48 Hearing; evidence; depositions; affidavits; determination of compliance with procedural rules; disposition In preparation
- 9-14-49 Findings of fact and conclusions of law In preparation
- 9-14-50 Recordings or transcriptions of proceedings In preparation
- 9-14-51 Effect of failure to raise grounds for relief in original or amended petition In preparation
- 9-14-52 Appeal procedure; application to Supreme Court by petitioner for certificate of probable cause; effect of appeal by respondent In preparation
- 9-14-53 Reimbursement to counties for habeas corpus costs In preparation
Chapter 15. Court and Litigation Costs
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- 9-15-1 Which party liable for costs In preparation
- 9-15-2 Affidavit of indigence; procedure when filing party not represented by counsel In preparation
- 9-15-3 When costs may be demanded In preparation
- 9-15-4 Deposit prior to filing by clerk; exception if affidavit of indigence filed; repayment of excess; exemptions In preparation
- 9-15-5 Deposit by nonresident plaintiff; additional deposit; refund of excess Reserved
- 9-15-6 Liability of attorney of nonresident plaintiff for costs; prior payment of costs in action brought by nonresident attorney and plaintiff In preparation
- 9-15-7 Liability of attorney guilty of willful neglect or misconduct for costs In preparation
- 9-15-8 Liability for costs of witnesses of adverse party In preparation
- 9-15-9 Costs when recovery on contract is less than $50.00 In preparation
- 9-15-10 Costs in personal actions when damages are less than $10.00 In preparation
- 9-15-11 Inclusion of costs in judgment; itemization and endorsement on execution In preparation
- 9-15-12 Liability of plaintiff and attorney for costs when execution returned unsatisfied In preparation
- 9-15-13 Judgment and execution against attorney for costs In preparation
- 9-15-14 Litigation costs and attorney’s fees assessed for frivolous actions and defenses In preparation
- 9-15-15 Attorney’s fees and expenses assessed in civil actions brought against judicial officers In preparation
- 9-15-16 Limitations on recovery of attorney fees, court costs, or expenses of litigation; utilization of contingent fee agreements In preparation
Chapter 16. Uniform Civil Forfeiture Procedure Act
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- 9-16-1 Short title In preparation
- 9-16-2 Definitions In preparation
- 9-16-3 Jurisdiction In preparation
- 9-16-4 Venue In preparation
- 9-16-5 Notice to owner of seizure of vehicle In preparation
- 9-16-6 Seizure of property In preparation
- 9-16-7 Reporting of seizure; role of state attorney In preparation
- 9-16-8 Forfeiture lien In preparation
- 9-16-9 Seized property not subject to replevin, conveyance, sequestration, or attachment; release of property; assignment of complaint for forfeiture; custodian of property In preparation
- 9-16-10 Disposition of seized property In preparation
- 9-16-11 Quasi-judicial forfeiture for property valued at $25,000.00 or less; notice; procedure In preparation
- 9-16-12 In rem forfeiture In preparation
- 9-16-13 In personam forfeiture In preparation
- 9-16-14 Restraining order, injunction, and other measures to seize, maintain, or preserve property; hearing In preparation
- 9-16-15 Stay of civil forfeiture proceedings during pendency of criminal proceedings; effect of criminal conviction In preparation
- 9-16-16 Recovery by an injured person In preparation
- 9-16-17 Burden of proof and presumptions In preparation
- 9-16-18 Forfeited property vests in state at time conduct giving rise to forfeiture committed; release of property upon entry of judgment in favor of owner In preparation
- 9-16-19 Disposition of forfeited property; order of distribution; annual report In preparation
- 9-16-20 Court may order forfeiture of other property under certain circumstances; civil action; enforcement of judgments; persons having interest in property barred from collaterally attacking forfeiture proceedings; limitations In preparation
- 9-16-21 Effect of federal law forfeitures; annual report In preparation
- 9-16-22 Construction In preparation
Chapter 17. Georgia Uniform Mediation Act
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- 9-17-1 Definitions In preparation
- 9-17-2 Application In preparation
- 9-17-3 Mediation communication as privileged; use of mediation evidence In preparation
- 9-17-4 Waiver of privilege; criminal activity In preparation
- 9-17-5 When communication privilege is inapplicable; use of mediation evidence In preparation
- 9-17-6 Limited disclosures by mediators In preparation
- 9-17-7 Limited disclosures of mediation and mediation communications In preparation
- 9-17-8 Review of mediator’s conflict of interest; required disclosures by mediator; exclusion; special qualifications not required In preparation
- 9-17-9 Participation with attorney or designated representative In preparation
- 9-17-10 Application of federal Model Law In preparation
- 9-17-11 Application of federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act In preparation
- 9-17-12 Uniformity across jurisdictions In preparation
- 9-17-13 Severability In preparation
- 9-17-14 Applicability In preparation