§ 9-11-120.Form of answer presenting defenses under subsection (b) of Code Section 9-11-12
Chapter 11. Civil Practice Act · Article 10. Forms · Last amended 1980 · Last verified July 17, 2026
Full Text of § 9-11-120
Plain-English Summary
An answer is a defendant’s chance to respond to everything in the complaint at once, and this form shows how much can fit inside a single pleading: four separate defenses, a counterclaim, and a cross-claim against a codefendant.
The First Defense repeats the failure-to-state-a-claim ground familiar from the article’s motion-to-dismiss form. The Second Defense adds that if the defendant owes anything, he owes it jointly with another named person who is alive, subject to the court’s jurisdiction, and has not been made a party — a defense pointed at a gap in who was sued. The Third Defense illustrates all three response options the Civil Practice Act allows for individual allegations in a single stroke: it admits two specific paragraphs, pleads lack of knowledge as to another, and denies everything else. The Fourth Defense raises a time bar, alleging the claim did not accrue within six years of filing.
Beneath the four defenses, the form adds a Counterclaim and a Cross-Claim Against Defendant M.N., both left as placeholders instructing the drafter to plead them “in the manner in which a claim is pleaded in a complaint.” That instruction shows how the same drafting rules governing an original complaint carry over to claims a defendant raises against the plaintiff or against a fellow defendant, all inside one answer.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Second Defense in this sample answer?
That if the defendant owes anything, he owes it jointly with another named person who is alive, subject to the court’s jurisdiction, and has not been made a party to the case.
How does the Third Defense respond to the complaint’s allegations?
It admits two specific paragraphs, states the defendant lacks knowledge to admit or deny another paragraph, and denies every other allegation — illustrating the three ways Georgia lets a party respond to individual allegations.
What defense does the Fourth Defense raise?
That the claim did not accrue within six years before the action was filed, a statute-of-limitations defense.
Can a counterclaim and a cross-claim appear in the same answer as these defenses?
Yes. The form shows both a counterclaim against the plaintiff and a cross-claim against a codefendant following the four defenses, each pleaded the way a claim is pleaded in a complaint.
Must a defendant use all four defenses shown here?
No. The form illustrates how multiple defenses can be combined; a defendant pleads whichever ones fit the case.
Amendment History
Ga. L. 1966, p. 609, § 122; Ga. L. 1980, p. 649, § 15.