RulesofCivilProcedure.com Civil Procedure · Every State

§ 98B.001.Definitions

Title 4. Liability in Tort · Chapter 98B. Unlawful Production, Solicitation, Disclosure, or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material · Last amended 2025 · Last verified August 29, 2026

In one sentenceSection 98B.001 defines intimate visual material and, since 2025, artificial intimate visual material, nudification applications, and consent as affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement.

Full Text of § 98B.001

Text size

In this chapter:
(1)"Artificial intimate visual material" means computer- generated intimate visual material that was produced, adapted, or modified using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software in which the person is recognizable as an actual person by a person's face, likeness, voice, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature which, when viewed by a reasonable person, is indistinguishable from the person depicted.
(1-a)"Consent" means affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement, made by a person freely and without coercion, fraud, or misrepresentation.
(1-b)"Intimate parts," "promote," "sexual conduct," and "visual material" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.16, Penal Code.
(2)"Intimate visual material" means visual material that depicts a person:
(A)with the person's intimate parts exposed; or
(B)engaged in sexual conduct.
(3)"Nudification application" means an artificial intelligence application that is primarily designed and marketed for the purpose of producing artificial intimate visual material.
(4)"Social media platform" has the meaning assigned by Section 120.001, Business & Commerce Code.
End

Plain-English Summary

Six definitions, and three of them were added in 2025 to reach AI-generated material.

"Intimate visual material" means visual material depicting a person with the person's intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct. "Intimate parts," "promote," "sexual conduct," and "visual material" take their meanings from the Penal Code offence.

"Artificial intimate visual material" is computer-generated intimate visual material produced, adapted, or modified using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software in which the person is recognizable as an actual person by face, likeness, voice, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognisable feature.

Recognisability is the operative element. The material need not be real; it must depict a real, identifiable person. That is what separates this from wholly fictional imagery.

"Nudification application" means an artificial intelligence application primarily designed and marketed for the purpose of producing artificial intimate visual material — a definition targeting the tools themselves rather than only their users.

"Consent" was also defined in 2025, and the definition is demanding: affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement, made freely and without coercion, fraud, or misrepresentation.

That forecloses the arguments that would otherwise be made about acquiescence or about consent obtained by deception as to what the material would be used for.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is intimate visual material?

Visual material depicting a person with their intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct.

Does the chapter cover AI-generated images?

Yes, since 2025. Artificial intimate visual material is computer-generated material in which the person is recognizable as an actual person by face, likeness, voice, or other distinguishing characteristic.

What counts as consent?

Affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement made freely and without coercion, fraud, or misrepresentation.

What is a nudification application?

An artificial intelligence application primarily designed and marketed to produce artificial intimate visual material.

Amendment History

  • Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 852 (S.B. 1135), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015.
  • Amended by:
  • Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 441), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025.
Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from Texas Legislature Online (statutes.capitol.texas.gov). Enacted by the Texas Legislature. Current through May 14, 2026. Last verified August 29, 2026. · Official source