Adopted June 30, 1977 · Not amended since adoption · Last verified June 30, 2026
In one sentenceRule 1702 sets the prerequisites a class action must meet — a class too numerous for joinder, common questions of law or fact, typical and adequately represented claims, and that a class action is a fair and efficient method.
One or more members of a class may sue or be sued as representative parties on behalf of all members in a class action only if
(1)the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable;
(2)there are questions of law or fact common to the class;
(3)the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class;
(4)the representative parties will fairly and adequately assert and protect the interests of the class under the criteria set forth in Rule 1709; and
(5)a class action provides a fair and efficient method for adjudication of the controversy under the criteria set forth in Rule 1708.
End
Plain-English Summary
Not every group dispute can proceed as a class action. This rule lists the prerequisites: the class must be so numerous that joining everyone is impracticable, there must be common questions of law or fact, the representatives' claims must be typical of the class, the representatives must adequately protect the class's interests, and a class action must be a fair and efficient way to resolve the controversy. A court tests each before letting the case proceed as a class action.
Frequently Asked Questions
What must a case satisfy to proceed as a class action?
A numerous class, common questions of law or fact, typical claims, adequate representation, and that a class action is a fair and efficient method.
Amendment History
The provisions of this Rule 1702 adopted June 30, 1977, effective September 1, 1977, 7 Pa.B. 1956.
Source & verification. Rule text, the Official Note, and the amendment
history are reproduced verbatim from the Pennsylvania Code, Title 231, the official compilation
of rules adopted by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. This rule has not been amended since its adoption. Last verified June 30, 2026. ·
Official text
Also known as:class action prerequisitesnumerosity commonalityadequate representation