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Rule 291.Form of Verdict

Last amended February 1, 1973 · Last verified June 28, 2026

In one sentenceRule 291 requires no special form of verdict and bars arresting or reversing a judgment for mere want of form when there has been substantial compliance with the law in rendering the verdict.

Full Text of Rule 291

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No special form of verdict is required, and the judgment shall not be arrested or reversed for mere want of form therein if there has been substantial compliance with the requirements of the law in rendering a verdict.
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Plain-English Summary

Rule 291 favors substance over form. No special form of verdict is required, and a judgment will not be arrested or reversed for a mere want of form in the verdict if there has been substantial compliance with the requirements of law in rendering it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does a Texas verdict have to be in a particular form?

No. Rule 291 requires no special form and protects a judgment from reversal for mere want of form when the verdict substantially complies with the law.

Can a Texas verdict be reversed for a technical defect?

No, not on that ground alone. Rule 291 protects a judgment from being arrested or reversed for a mere want of form in the verdict, so long as the jury substantially complied with the law in reaching it.

What matters most when a Texas verdict's form is challenged?

Under Rule 291, the question is whether the verdict substantially complied with the requirements of law, not whether it followed any set form. If it did, a defect in form alone will not undo the judgment.

Source & verification. Rule text and the official Notes and Comments are reproduced verbatim from the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure (Tex. R. Civ. P. 291), published by the Texas Judicial Branch (txcourts.gov). Promulgated by the Supreme Court of Texas. The plain-English summary is original and draws on official sources. Last verified June 28, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: form of verdictsubstantial compliancewant of formtechnical defect in verdictTRCP 291