§ 94.001.Definitions
Title 4. Liability in Tort · Chapter 94. Liability of Sports Officials and Organizations · Last amended 2015 · Last verified August 29, 2026
Full Text of § 94.001
Plain-English Summary
Three definitions, and the first is a list of remarkable breadth.
"Athletic competition" means any competitive group or solo sporting activity and includes football, baseball, soccer, basketball, hockey, swimming, track, wrestling, bike or foot races, triathlon, equestrian competitions, golf, marksmanship competitions, darts, billiards, Frisbee golf, fishing tournaments, car racing, and any similar activity that involves any aspect of physical competition or coordination — and a rodeo, livestock show, or related event or competition.
Darts and billiards are in the list, which tells you the drafters meant the general words. The catch-all requires only any aspect of physical competition or coordination.
"Sports official" means a person who officiates, judges, or in any manner enforces contest rules in any official capacity with respect to an athletic competition or a rodeo, livestock show, or related event.
"In any manner enforces contest rules" reaches beyond referees to judges, scorers, timekeepers, and stewards.
"Sponsoring organization" means the individual, club, association, or entity that undertakes to organize, underwrite, sanction, or promote the competition or event.
The chapter exists because officiating at amateur level is largely volunteer work, and a referee sued over a call would be a referee who stops officiating.
Frequently Asked Questions
What counts as an athletic competition in Texas?
Any competitive group or solo sporting activity, including a long list from football to darts and billiards, plus any similar activity involving any aspect of physical competition or coordination, and rodeos and livestock shows.
Who is a sports official?
A person who officiates, judges, or in any manner enforces contest rules in any official capacity — which reaches judges, scorers, timekeepers, and stewards as well as referees.
Who is a sponsoring organization?
The individual, club, association, or entity that organizes, underwrites, sanctions, or promotes the competition or event.
Amendment History
- Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 348 (H.B. 1040), Sec. 1, eff. June 9, 2015.