Rule 3.970.Child Protection Mediation

Subchapter 3.900 — Proceedings Involving Juveniles · Last verified September 5, 2026

In one sentenceMCR 3.970 lets a court refer a child protective proceeding to mediation at any stage, sets grounds for objecting and exemption, governs attendance, mediator selection, scheduling, confidentiality, and lists the training a child protection mediator must complete.

Full Text of Rule 3.970

Text sizeJump to: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H)

(A) Scope and Applicability of Rule; Definitions.

(1) This rule applies to the mediation of child protective proceedings.

(2) "Mediation" includes dispute resolution processes in which a neutral third party facilitates communication between parties, assists in identifying issues, and helps explore solutions to promote a mutually acceptable settlement. A mediator or facilitator has no authoritative decision-making power.

(B) ADR Plan. Each trial court that submits child protective proceedings to mediation processes under this rule shall either incorporate the process into its current ADR plan, or if the court does not have an approved ADR plan, adopt an ADR plan by local administrative order under MCR 2.410(B).

(1) At any stage in the proceedings, after consultation with the parties, the court may order that a case be submitted to mediation.

(2) Unless a court first conducts a hearing to determine whether mediation is appropriate, the court shall not refer a case to mediation if the parties are subject to a personal protection order or other protective order. The court may order mediation without a hearing if a protected party requests mediation.

(3) In addition to other provisions the court considers appropriate, the order shall:

(a) specify, or make provision for selection of, the mediation provider;

(b) provide time limits for initiation and completion of the mediation process.

The court shall not order a party to pay a fee for mediation services.

(4) The order may require attendance at mediation proceedings as provided in subrule (E).

(D) Objections to Mediation. A party may orally object to an order to mediate or in writing. Cases may be exempt from mediation on the basis of the following:

(1) Domestic abuse, unless attorneys for both parties will be present at the mediation session;

(2) Inability of one or both parties to negotiate for themselves at the mediation, unless attorneys for both parties will be present at the mediation session;

(3) Reason to believe that one or both parties' health or safety would be endangered by mediation;

(4) A showing that the parties have made significant efforts to resolve the issues such that mediation is likely to be unsuccessful; or

(5) For other good cause shown.

(E) Attendance at Mediation Proceedings.

(1) Attendance of Counsel. The court may direct that the attorneys representing the parties attend mediation proceedings. If the attorney representing a party is unable to attend, another attorney associated with the representing attorney may attend, but must be familiar with the case.

(2) Presence of Parties. The court may direct that the parties to the action and other persons:

(a) be present at the mediation proceeding or be immediately available by some other means at the time of the proceeding; and

(b) have information and authority adequate for responsible and effective participation in the proceeding for all purposes.

The court's order may specify whether the availability is to be in person or by other means.

(3) Except for legal counsel, the parties may not bring other persons to the mediation session unless permission is first obtained from the mediator, after notice to opposing counsel.

(4) Failure to appear. The failure of a party to appear in accordance with this rule may be considered a contempt of

(F) Selection of the Mediator.

(1) The parties may stipulate to the selection of a mediator. A mediator selected by agreement of the parties need not meet the qualifications set forth in subrule (H). The court must appoint a mediator stipulated to by the parties, provided the mediator is willing to serve within a period that would not interfere with the court's scheduling of the case. If the parties do not stipulate to a particular mediator, the court may select a Community Dispute Resolution Program (CDRP) center or other mediator who meets the requirements of subrule (H).

(2) The rule for disqualification of a mediator is the same as that provided in MCR 2.003 for the disqualification of a judge. The mediator must promptly disclose any potential basis for disqualification.

(G) Scheduling and Mediation Process.

(1) Scheduling. The order referring the case for mediation shall specify the time within which the mediation is to be completed. A copy of the order shall be sent to each party, the CDRP center or the mediator selected. Upon receipt of the court's order, the CDRP center or mediator shall promptly confer with the parties to schedule mediation in accordance with the order. The mediator may direct the parties to submit in advance, or bring to the mediation, documents or summaries providing information about the case.

(2) The mediator must make reasonable inquiry as to whether either party has a history of a coercive or violent relationship with the other party. Throughout the mediation process, the mediator must make reasonable efforts to screen for the presence of coercion or violence that would make mediation physically or emotionally unsafe for any participant or that would impede achieving a voluntary and safe resolution of issues. A reasonable inquiry includes the use of the domestic violence screening protocol for mediators provided by the State Court Administrative Office as directed by the Supreme Court.

(3) Mediation Process. The mediator shall discuss with the parties and counsel, if any, the facts and issues involved. Mediation participants may ask to meet separately with the mediator throughout the mediation process. The mediation will continue until: an agreement is reached, the mediator determines that an agreement is not likely to be reached, the end of the first mediation session, or until a time agreed to by the parties. Additional sessions may be held as long as it appears to the mediator that the process may result in an agreement.

(4) Following their attendance at a mediation session, a party may withdraw from mediation without penalty at any time.

(5) Completion of Mediation. Within two days after the completion of the mediation process, the CDRP center or the mediator shall so advise the court, stating only: the date of completion of the process, who appeared at the mediation, whether an agreement was reached, and whether further mediation proceedings are contemplated. If an agreement was reached, the CDRP center or the mediator shall submit the agreement to the court within 14 days of the completion of mediation.

(6) Agreements reached in mediation are not binding unless the terms are incorporated in an order of the court or placed on the record and the court complies with MCR 3.971.

(7) Confidentiality. Confidentiality in the mediation process is governed by MCR 2.412. However, previously uninvestigated allegations of abuse or neglect identified during the mediation process are not confidential and may be disclosed. The mediator shall advise the parties, orally and in writing, of the rules regarding confidentiality under MCR 2.412 and MCL 722.6

(H) Qualification of Mediators.

(1) To be eligible to serve as a mediator in child protection cases, a person must meet the following minimum qualifications:

(a) Complete a general civil or domestic relations mediation training program approved by the State Court Administrator providing the generally accepted components of mediation skills;

(b) Have one or more of the following:

(i) Juris doctor degree, graduate degree in conflict resolution or a behavioral science, or 5 years of experience in the child protection field; or

(ii) 40 hours of mediation experience over two years, including mediation, co- mediation, observation, and role-playing in the context of mediation.

(c) Upon completion of the training required under subrule (H)(1)(a), observe two general civil or domestic relations mediation proceedings conducted by an approved mediator, and conduct one general civil or domestic relations mediation to conclusion under the supervision and observation of an approved mediator.

(d) Complete a 15-hour advanced training program on child protection mediation practice and an 8-hour training program on domestic violence screening approved by the State Court Administrator.

(2) Approved mediators are required to complete 8 hours of advanced mediation training during each 2-year period.

(3) Additional requirements may not be imposed upon mediators.

End

Plain-English Summary

MCR 3.970 brings mediation into child protective proceedings and defines it as a process in which a neutral third party facilitates communication, helps identify issues, and explores solutions, with no authoritative decision-making power. The rule then answers the practical questions: who orders it, who can get out of it, who runs it, and what the court hears about it afterward.

Ordering mediation

Subrule (B) requires a trial court that uses this process to fold it into an existing alternative dispute resolution plan or adopt one by local administrative order under MCR 2.410(B). Subrule (C)(1) permits a referral at any stage of the proceedings, after consultation with the parties.

One limit is built in. Under subrule (C)(2), the court may not refer a case to mediation where the parties are subject to a personal protection order or other protective order unless it first holds a hearing on whether mediation is appropriate. That hearing is unnecessary if the protected party is the one asking for mediation. The order must name the mediation provider or provide for selecting one, and it must set time limits for starting and finishing. Subrule (C)(3) states that the court shall not order a party to pay a fee for mediation services.

Objections and exemptions

Subrule (D) allows a party to object orally or in writing, and lists the grounds on which a case may be exempt: domestic abuse or a party's inability to negotiate for themselves, each of which is cured if attorneys for both parties will attend; reason to believe a party's health or safety would be endangered; a showing that the parties have already made significant efforts such that mediation is unlikely to succeed; and other good cause.

Who attends

Subrule (E) lets the court direct that attorneys attend, with a substitute from the same office permitted if that lawyer is familiar with the case. The court may also direct that parties and other persons be present or immediately available by other means, and have information and authority adequate for effective participation. Except for legal counsel, a party may not bring other people to the session without the mediator's permission after notice to opposing counsel. Failure to appear may be treated as contempt.

The mediator

Subrule (F) lets the parties stipulate to a mediator, and a stipulated mediator need not meet the qualifications in subrule (H). The court must appoint that person if they can serve without disrupting the schedule. Otherwise the court may select a Community Dispute Resolution Program center or a qualified mediator. Disqualification follows the same standard as for a judge under MCR 2.003, and the mediator must promptly disclose any potential basis for it.

Running the mediation

Subrule (G)(2) requires the mediator to make reasonable inquiry into whether either party has a history of a coercive or violent relationship with the other, and to keep screening for coercion or violence throughout. Sessions continue until an agreement is reached, the mediator concludes one is unlikely, the first session ends, or a time the parties agreed to arrives. Under subrule (G)(4), a party who has attended a session may withdraw without penalty at any time.

What the court learns is deliberately thin. Within two days of completion the mediator reports only the date of completion, who appeared, whether an agreement was reached, and whether further proceedings are contemplated. An agreement goes to the court within 14 days of completion, and under subrule (G)(6) it is not binding unless its terms are placed in a court order or on the record with the court complying with MCR 3.971. Confidentiality runs through MCR 2.412, with an exception: previously uninvestigated allegations of abuse or neglect identified during mediation are not confidential and may be disclosed. The mediator must tell the parties the confidentiality rules both orally and in writing.

Qualifications

Approved general civil or domestic relations mediation training, plus either a juris doctor degree, a graduate degree in conflict resolution or a behavioral science, or 5 years in the child protection field, or 40 hours of mediation experience over two years.
Observation of two mediation proceedings and one mediation conducted to conclusion under supervision.
A 15-hour advanced program on child protection mediation practice and an 8-hour domestic violence screening program.
Eight hours of advanced training every 2 years. Subrule (H)(3) states that additional requirements may not be imposed on mediators.

Frequently Asked Questions

When can a Michigan court order mediation in a child protective case?

Subrule (C)(1) allows a referral at any stage in the proceedings, after consultation with the parties. Subrule (C)(2) adds a limit: if the parties are subject to a personal protection order or other protective order, the court must first hold a hearing on whether mediation is appropriate, unless the protected party is the one requesting mediation.

Can a party be ordered to pay for child protection mediation?

No. Subrule (C)(3) states that the court shall not order a party to pay a fee for mediation services.

How do you object to an order referring a child protective case to mediation?

Subrule (D) allows an objection orally or in writing and lists the grounds for exemption: domestic abuse, or a party's inability to negotiate for themselves, unless attorneys for both parties will attend the session; reason to believe a party's health or safety would be endangered; a showing that significant settlement efforts have already made mediation unlikely to succeed; and other good cause.

Is a mediated agreement in a child protective case binding?

Not on its own. Subrule (G)(6) states that agreements reached in mediation are not binding unless the terms are incorporated in a court order or placed on the record and the court complies with MCR 3.971.

What does the mediator report to the court?

Very little. Under subrule (G)(5), within two days after completion the mediator or the Community Dispute Resolution Program center states only the date of completion, who appeared, whether an agreement was reached, and whether further mediation proceedings are contemplated. If an agreement was reached, it is submitted to the court within 14 days of completion.

What training does a child protection mediator need?

Subrule (H)(1) requires an approved general civil or domestic relations mediation training program, plus a juris doctor degree, a graduate degree in conflict resolution or a behavioral science, 5 years of experience in the child protection field, or 40 hours of mediation experience over two years. The mediator must also observe two mediation proceedings, conduct one to conclusion under supervision, and complete a 15-hour advanced child protection mediation program and an 8-hour domestic violence screening program. Approved mediators complete 8 hours of advanced training every 2 years.

Source & verification. Rule text reproduced verbatim from the Michigan Court Rules, Chapter 3 (Special Proceedings and Actions), as published by the Michigan State Court Administrative Office, current through September 1, 2026. Promulgated by the Supreme Court of Michigan (Mich. Const. 1963, art. VI, § 5). Last verified September 5, 2026. · Official text

Also known as: child protection mediationmediationadr planmediator qualificationscdrpcommunity dispute resolution programmediation confidentiality