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Rule 3.216.Domestic Relations Mediation

Subchapter 3.200 — Domestic Relations Actions · Last verified September 5, 2026

In one sentenceMCR 3.216 governs mediation of Michigan domestic relations cases, covering referral and objection, the qualification and selection of mediators, the mediation session itself, evaluative mediation, and payment of the mediator's fee.

Full Text of Rule 3.216

Text sizeJump to: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K)

(A) Scope and Applicability of Rule, Definitions.
(1) All domestic relations cases, as defined in MCL 552.502(m), and actions for divorce and separate maintenance that involve the distribution of property are subject to mediation under this rule, unless otherwise provided by statute or court rule.
(2) Domestic relations mediation is a nonbinding process in which a neutral third party facilitates communication between parties to promote settlement. If the parties so request, and the mediator agrees to do so, the mediator may provide a written recommendation for settlement of any issues that remain unresolved at the conclusion of a mediation proceeding. This procedure, known as evaluative mediation, is governed by subrule (I).
(3) This rule does not restrict the Friend of the Court from enforcing custody, parenting time, and support orders.
(4) The court may order, on stipulation of the parties, the use of other settlement procedures.
(B) Mediation Plan. Each trial court that submits domestic relations cases to mediation under this rule shall include in its alternative dispute resolution plan adopted under MCR 2.410(B) provisions governing selection of domestic relations mediators, and for providing parties with information about mediation in the family division as soon as reasonably practical.
(C) Referral to Mediation.
(1) On written stipulation of the parties, on written motion of a party, or on the court's initiative, the court may submit to mediation by written order any contested issue in a domestic relations case, including postjudgment matters.
(2) The court may not submit contested issues to evaluative mediation unless all parties so request.
(3) Unless a court first conducts a hearing to determine whether mediation is appropriate, the court shall not submit a contested issue in a domestic relations action, including postjudgment proceedings, if the parties are subject to a personal protection order or are involved in a child abuse and neglect proceeding. The court may order mediation without a hearing if a protected party requests mediation.
(D) Objections to Referral to Mediation.
(1) To object to mediation, a party must file a written motion to remove the case from mediation and a notice of hearing of the motion, and serve a copy on the attorneys of record within 14 days after receiving notice of the order assigning the action to mediation. The motion must be set for hearing within 14 days after it is filed, unless the hearing is adjourned by agreement of counsel or unless the court orders otherwise.
(2) A timely motion must be heard before the case is mediated.
(3) Cases may be exempt from mediation on the basis of the following:
(a) child abuse or neglect;
(b) domestic abuse, unless attorneys for both parties will be present at the mediation session;
(c) inability of one or both parties to negotiate for themselves at the mediation, unless attorneys for both parties will be present at the mediation session;
(d) reason to believe that one or both parties' health or safety would be endangered by mediation; or
(e) for other good cause shown.
(E) Selection of Mediator.
(1) Domestic relations mediation will be conducted by a mediator selected as provided in this subrule.
(2) The parties may stipulate to the selection of a mediator. A mediator selected by agreement of the parties need not meet the qualifications set forth in subrule (G). The court must appoint a mediator stipulated to by the parties, provided the mediator is willing to serve within a period that would not interfere with the court's scheduling of the case for trial.
(3) If the parties have not stipulated to a mediator:
(a) the parties must indicate whether they prefer a mediator who is willing to conduct evaluative mediation. Failure to indicate a preference will be treated as not requesting evaluative mediation.
(b) the ADR clerk will assign a mediator from the list of qualified mediators maintained under subrule (F). The assignment shall be made on a rotational basis, except that if the parties have requested evaluative mediation, only a mediator who is willing to provide an evaluation may be assigned.
(4) The court shall not appoint, recommend, direct, or otherwise influence a party's or attorney's selection of a mediator except as provided pursuant to this rule. The court may recommend or advise parties on the selection of a mediator only upon request of all parties by stipulation in writing or orally on the record.
(5) The rule for disqualification of a mediator is the same as that provided in MCR 2.003 for the disqualification of a judge. The mediator must promptly disclose any potential basis for disqualification.
(F) List of Mediators.
(1) Application. To appear on a roster, an applicant, which may be an individual or organization, may apply to the ADR clerk to be placed on the court's list of mediators. Application forms shall be available in the office of the ADR clerk.
(a) The form shall include a certification that
(i) the applicant meets the requirements for service under the court's selection plan;
(ii) the applicant will not discriminate against parties or attorneys on the basis of race, ethnic origin, gender, or other protected personal characteristic; and
(iii) the applicant will comply with the court's ADR plan, orders of the court regarding cases submitted to mediation, and the standards of conduct adopted by the State Court Administrator under subrule (K).
(b) The applicant shall indicate on the form whether the applicant is willing to offer evaluative mediation, and the applicant's rate for providing mediation services.
(c) The form shall include an optional section identifying the applicant's gender and racial/ethnic background; however, this section shall not be made available to the public.
(2) Review of Applications. The court's ADR plan shall provide for a person or committee to review applications annually, or more frequently if appropriate, and compile a list of qualified mediators.
(a) Applicants meeting the qualifications specified in this rule shall be placed on the list of approved mediators. Approved mediators shall be placed on the list for a fixed period of time, not to exceed seven years, and must reapply at the end of that time in the manner directed by the court.
(b) Selections shall be made without regard to race, ethnic origin, or gender. Residency or principal place of business may not be a qualification.
(c) The approved list and the applications of approved mediators, except for the optional section identifying the applicant's gender and racial/ethnic background, shall be available to the public in the office of the ADR clerk.
(d) An applicant may attach a résumé or biographical information to the application.
(e) An applicant Community Dispute Resolution Program center must select only mediators who meet the qualifications of this rule or training requirements established by the State Court Administrator to mediate cases ordered by the court.
(3) Rejection; Reconsideration. Applicants who are not placed on the list shall be notified of that decision. Within 21 days of notification of the decision to reject an application, the applicant may seek reconsideration of the ADR clerk's decision by the presiding judge of the family division. The court does not need to provide a hearing. Documents considered in the initial review process shall be retained for at least the period during which the applicant can seek reconsideration of the original decision.
(4) Removal from List. The ADR clerk may remove from the list mediators who have demonstrated incompetence, bias, made themselves consistently unavailable to serve as a mediator, or for other just cause. Within 21 days of notification of the decision to remove a mediator from the list, the mediator may seek reconsideration of the ADR clerk's decision by the presiding judge of the family division. The court does not need to provide a hearing.
(G) Qualification of Mediators.
(1) To be eligible to serve as a domestic relations mediator under this rule, an applicant must meet the following minimum qualifications:
(a) The applicant must
(i) be a licensed attorney, a licensed or limited licensed psychologist, a licensed professional counselor, or a licensed marriage and family therapist;
(ii) have a master's degree in counseling, social work, or marriage and family therapy;
(iii) have a graduate degree in a behavioral science; or
(iv) have 5 years experience in family counseling.
(b) The applicant must have completed a training program approved by the State Court Administrator providing the generally accepted components of domestic relations mediation skills.
(c) Upon completion of the training required under subrule (G)(1)(b), the applicant must observe two domestic relations mediation proceedings conducted by an approved mediator, and conduct one domestic relations mediation to conclusion under the supervision and observation of an approved mediator.
(2) An applicant who has specialized experience or training, but does not meet the specific requirements of subrule (G)(1), may apply to the ADR clerk for special approval. The ADR clerk shall make the determination on the basis of criteria provided by the State Court Administrator.
(3) Approved mediators are required to obtain 8 hours of advanced mediation training during each 2-year period. Failure to submit documentation establishing compliance is grounds for removal from the list under subrule(F)(4).
(4) Additional qualifications may not be imposed upon mediators.
(H) Mediation Procedure.
(1) The mediator must schedule a mediation session within a reasonable time at a location accessible by the parties.
(2) The mediator must make reasonable inquiry as to whether either party has a history of a coercive or violent relationship with the other party. Throughout the mediation process, the mediator must make reasonable efforts to screen for the presence of coercion or violence that would make mediation physically or emotionally unsafe for any participant or that would impede achieving a voluntary and safe resolution of issues. A reasonable inquiry includes the use of the domestic violence screening protocol for mediators provided by the state court administrative office as directed by the supreme court.
(3) A mediator may require that no later than 3 business days before the mediation session, each party submit to the mediator, and serve on the opposing party, a mediation summary that provides the following information, where relevant:
(a) the facts and circumstances of the case;
(b) the issues in dispute;
(c) a description of the marital assets and their estimated value, where such information is appropriate and reasonably ascertainable;
(d) the income and expenses of the parties;
(e) a proposed settlement; and
(f) such documentary evidence as may be available to substantiate information contained in the summary.
Failure to submit these materials to the mediator within the designated time may subject the offending party to sanctions imposed by the court.
(4) The parties must attend the mediation session in person unless excused by the mediator.
(5) Except for legal counsel, the parties may not bring other persons to the mediation session, whether expert or lay witnesses, unless permission is first obtained from the mediator, after notice to opposing counsel. If the mediator believes it would be helpful to the settlement of the case, the mediator may request information or assistance from third persons at the time of the mediation session.
(6) The mediator shall discuss with the parties and counsel, if any, the facts and issues involved. The mediation will continue until a settlement is reached, the mediator determines that a settlement is not likely to be reached, the end of the first mediation session, or until a time agreed to by the parties.
(7) Within 7 days of the completion of mediation, the mediator shall so advise the court, stating only the date of completion of the process, who participated in the mediation, whether settlement was reached, and whether further ADR proceedings are contemplated. If an evaluation will be made under subrule (I), the mediator may delay reporting to the court until completion of the evaluation process.
(8) If a settlement is reached as a result of the mediation, to be binding, the terms of that settlement must be reduced to a signed writing by the parties or acknowledged by the parties on an audio or video recording. After a settlement has been reached, the parties shall take steps necessary to enter judgment as in the case of other settlements.
(9) Confidentiality in the mediation process is governed by MCR 2.412.
(I) Evaluative Mediation.
(1) This subrule applies if the parties requested evaluative mediation, or if they do so at the conclusion of mediation and the mediator is willing to provide an evaluation.
(2) If a settlement is not reached during mediation, the mediator, within a reasonable period after the conclusion of mediation shall prepare a written report to the parties setting forth the mediator's proposed recommendation for settlement purposes only. The mediator's recommendation shall be submitted to the parties of record only and may not be submitted or made available to the court.
(3) If both parties accept the mediator's recommendation in full, the attorneys shall proceed to have a judgment entered in conformity with the recommendation.
(4) If the mediator's recommendation is not accepted in full by both parties and the parties are unable to reach an agreement as to the remaining contested issues, mediator shall report to the court under subrule (H)(6), and the case shall proceed toward trial.
(5) A court may not impose sanctions against either party for rejecting the mediator's recommendation. The court may not inquire and neither the parties nor the mediator may inform the court of the identity of the party or parties who rejected the mediator's recommendation.
(6) The mediator's report and recommendation may not be read by the court and may not be admitted into evidence or relied upon by the court as evidence of any of the information contained in it without the consent of both parties. The court shall not request the parties' consent to read the mediator's recommendation.
(J) Fees.
(1) A mediator is entitled to reasonable compensation based on an hourly rate commensurate with the mediator's experience and usual charges for services performed.
(2) Before mediation, the parties shall agree in writing that each shall pay one-half of the mediator's fee no later than:
(a) 42 days after the mediation process is concluded or the service of the mediator's report and recommendation under subrule (I)(2), or
(b) the entry of judgment, or
(c) the dismissal of the action, whichever occurs first. If the court finds that some other allocation of fees is appropriate, given the economic circumstances of the parties, the court may order that one of the parties pay more than one-half of the fee.
(3) If acceptable to the mediator, the court may order an arrangement for the payment of the mediator's fee other than that provided in subrule (J)(2).
(4) The mediator's fee is deemed a cost of the action, and the court may make an appropriate judgment under MCL 552.13(1) to enforce the payment of the fee.
(5) In the event either party objects to the total fee of the mediator, the matter may be scheduled before the trial judge for determination of the reasonableness of the fee.
(K) Standards of Conduct. The State Court Administrator shall develop and approve standards of conduct for domestic relations mediators designed to promote honesty, integrity, and impartiality in providing court-connected dispute resolution services. These standards shall be made a part of all training and educational requirements for court-connected programs, shall be provided to all mediators involved in court-connected programs, and shall be available to the public.
End

Plain-English Summary

MCR 3.216 sets the terms on which a Michigan family case reaches a mediator. Subrule (A)(1) makes all domestic relations cases as defined in MCL 552.502(m), plus divorce and separate maintenance actions involving the distribution of property, subject to mediation unless a statute or court rule provides otherwise. The process is nonbinding: a neutral facilitates communication to promote settlement, and nothing here restricts the friend of the court from enforcing custody, parenting time, and support orders.

Referral and objection

On written stipulation of the parties, on a party's written motion, or on its own initiative, the court may submit any contested issue, including postjudgment matters, to mediation by written order. Where the parties are subject to a personal protection order or involved in a child abuse and neglect proceeding, the court must first hold a hearing on whether mediation is appropriate, unless a protected party asks for it.

A party objecting files a motion to remove the case from mediation, with a notice of hearing, served on the attorneys of record within 14 days after notice of the order. The motion is heard within 14 days after filing unless counsel agree to adjourn or the court orders otherwise, and a timely motion must be heard before the case is mediated. Subrule (D)(3) lists the exemption grounds: child abuse or neglect, domestic abuse, an inability to negotiate, danger to health or safety, or other good cause. Two of those fall away if attorneys for both parties will attend the session.

Choosing the mediator

The parties may stipulate to a mediator, who then need not meet the subrule (G) qualifications, and the court must appoint that person as long as the mediator is willing to serve within a period that would not interfere with scheduling the case for trial. Absent a stipulation, the ADR clerk assigns from the court's list on a rotational basis. The court may not appoint, recommend, direct, or otherwise influence the selection except as the rule allows, and may advise only at the request of all parties. Disqualification follows the standard MCR 2.003 sets for judges, and the mediator must promptly disclose any potential basis for it.

To reach the list, an applicant must hold one of the credentials in subrule (G)(1)(a), complete training approved by the State Court Administrator, then observe two domestic relations mediations and conduct one to conclusion under supervision. An applicant with specialized experience or training who does not meet those requirements may ask the ADR clerk for special approval under subrule (G)(2). Approved mediators need 8 hours of advanced training every 2 years and sit on the list for a fixed period no longer than seven years before reapplying. Additional qualifications may not be imposed.

The session, the evaluation, and the bill

The mediator must inquire into any history of a coercive or violent relationship and keep screening throughout, using the domestic violence screening protocol provided by the state court administrative office. A mediator may require mediation summaries no later than 3 business days before the session. Parties attend in person unless excused, and may bring no one but counsel without permission. Within 7 days of completion the mediator tells the court only the date, who participated, whether settlement was reached, and whether further ADR is contemplated. A settlement binds only when reduced to a signed writing or acknowledged on a recording, and confidentiality runs through MCR 2.412.

Evaluative mediation under subrule (I) happens only if the parties request it and the mediator is willing to provide an evaluation, and subrule (C)(2) bars the court from sending contested issues there unless all parties ask. The mediator's written recommendation goes to the parties alone; the court may not read it, ask who rejected it, or sanction a rejection. Each party pays half the mediator's fee, due no later than 42 days after the process concludes or the report is served, entry of judgment, or dismissal, whichever comes first, and the court may shift that split given the parties' economic circumstances.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I get out of court ordered domestic relations mediation in Michigan?

A party files a written motion to remove the case from mediation along with a notice of hearing, and serves a copy on the attorneys of record within 14 days after receiving notice of the order assigning the case to mediation. The motion is set for hearing within 14 days after it is filed unless counsel agree to adjourn or the court orders otherwise, and subrule (D)(2) requires a timely motion to be heard before the case is mediated.

Subrule (D)(3) supplies the grounds: child abuse or neglect, domestic abuse, an inability of one or both parties to negotiate for themselves, reason to believe a party's health or safety would be endangered, or other good cause. The domestic abuse and inability grounds do not apply if attorneys for both parties will be present at the session.

What is evaluative mediation under MCR 3.216?

Evaluative mediation adds a written recommendation to the ordinary facilitative process. It happens only if the parties request it and the mediator agrees, and subrule (C)(2) bars a court from sending contested issues to evaluative mediation unless all parties ask for it.

If the case does not settle, the mediator prepares a written recommendation for settlement purposes and sends it to the parties of record only. The court may not read it or receive it in evidence without both parties' consent, and the rule forbids the court from asking for that consent. No sanction may follow a rejection, and the court may not inquire into who rejected the recommendation.

Who is qualified to serve as a domestic relations mediator in Michigan?

Subrule (G)(1) requires one of four backgrounds: a license as an attorney, psychologist or limited licensed psychologist, professional counselor, or marriage and family therapist; a master's degree in counseling, social work, or marriage and family therapy; a graduate degree in a behavioral science; or 5 years of experience in family counseling. On top of that the applicant completes a training program approved by the State Court Administrator, observes two domestic relations mediations, and conducts one to conclusion under supervision.

Subrule (G)(2) leaves a side door open: an applicant with specialized experience or training who does not meet the specific requirements may apply to the ADR clerk for special approval, decided on criteria supplied by the State Court Administrator. Approved mediators must obtain 8 hours of advanced mediation training every 2 years. A mediator the parties select by stipulation does not have to meet these qualifications at all.

Who pays the domestic relations mediator's fee?

The mediator is entitled to reasonable compensation at an hourly rate matching experience and usual charges. Before mediation the parties agree in writing that each pays one half of the fee, due no later than 42 days after the process concludes or the evaluative report is served, the entry of judgment, or the dismissal of the action, whichever occurs first.

The court may order a different allocation given the parties' economic circumstances, or a different payment arrangement if the mediator accepts it. The fee is treated as a cost of the action, and a party who objects to the total may have the reasonableness of the fee scheduled before the trial judge.

Is a settlement reached in domestic relations mediation binding?

Only in a fixed form. Subrule (H)(8) makes a mediated settlement binding when its terms are reduced to a writing signed by the parties or acknowledged by the parties on an audio or video recording. The parties then take the steps needed to enter judgment as with any other settlement.

Can a case go to mediation when there is a personal protection order?

Not without a look first. Subrule (C)(3) bars the court from submitting a contested issue, including in postjudgment proceedings, when the parties are subject to a personal protection order or are involved in a child abuse and neglect proceeding, unless the court first holds a hearing on whether mediation is appropriate. The exception runs the other way when a protected party asks for mediation, in which case the court may order it without a hearing.

Source & verification. Rule text reproduced verbatim from the Michigan Court Rules, Chapter 3 (Special Proceedings and Actions), as published by the Michigan State Court Administrative Office, current through September 1, 2026. Promulgated by the Supreme Court of Michigan (Mich. Const. 1963, art. VI, § 5). Last verified September 5, 2026. · Official text
Also known as: domestic relations mediationevaluative mediationmediator qualificationsadr clerkmediation summarymediator feesmcr 3.216