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§ 100A.004.Agreement Effective and Enforceable

Title 4. Liability in Tort · Chapter 100A. Limited Liability for Space Flight Activities · Last amended 2011 · Last verified August 29, 2026

In one sentenceSection 100A.004 declares a liability agreement between a space flight entity and a participant effective, enforceable, and not unconscionable or against public policy.

Full Text of § 100A.004

Text sizeJump to: (a) (b)

(a)Except as provided by Subsection (b), an agreement between a space flight entity and a space flight participant limiting or otherwise affecting liability arising out of space flight activity is effective and enforceable and is not unconscionable or against public policy.
(b)An agreement described by this section may not limit liability for an injury:
(1)proximately caused by the space flight entity's gross negligence evidencing wilful or wanton disregard for the safety of the space flight participant; or
(2)intentionally caused by a space flight entity.
End

Plain-English Summary

A provision that removes the two doctrines such agreements would ordinarily face.

An agreement between a space flight entity and a participant limiting or otherwise affecting liability arising out of space flight activity is effective and enforceable and is not unconscionable or against public policy.

Unconscionability and public policy are the standard attacks on a pre-injury liability waiver, and Texas courts scrutinise them closely — particularly where the risk is severe and the bargaining positions unequal.

A waiver of liability for death on a commercial spaceflight would invite both arguments, and this section forecloses them by legislative declaration.

The section is broader than the warning provision it sits beside. That one prescribes a particular agreement and makes it effective on four conditions. This one validates an agreement limiting or otherwise affecting liability generally.

So a negotiated waiver going beyond the statutory form is enforceable too.

Subsection (b) sets the floor. No agreement may limit liability for injury proximately caused by gross negligence evidencing wilful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant, or intentionally caused by the entity.

That matches the exceptions in the limited liability section exactly, so the contractual and statutory protections stop at the same point — a party cannot contract past the statutory floor.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are space flight liability waivers enforceable in Texas?

Yes. An agreement between a space flight entity and a participant limiting or affecting liability is effective and enforceable and is not unconscionable or against public policy.

Can a waiver cover anything?

No. It may not limit liability for injury proximately caused by gross negligence evidencing wilful or wanton disregard for the participant's safety, or intentionally caused by the entity.

Is it limited to the statutory form?

No. This section validates an agreement limiting or otherwise affecting liability generally, so a negotiated waiver going beyond the statutory form is enforceable.

Amendment History

  • Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 3 (S.B. 115), Sec. 1, eff. April 21, 2011.
Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from Texas Legislature Online (statutes.capitol.texas.gov). Enacted by the Texas Legislature. Current through May 14, 2026. Last verified August 29, 2026. · Official source