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Rule 9-111.Judgment of adoption or guardianship

Last amended July 1, 2026 · Current through June 1, 2026 · Last verified September 8, 2026

In one sentenceRule 9-111 governs the judgment — when it may be entered, what it must say about a name change and a stepparent's spouse, how it is recorded, and who must be told when an adult is adopted.

Full Text of Rule 9-111

Text sizeJump to: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

(a) Time. The court may not enter a judgment of adoption or guardianship before the time set forth in Code, Family Law Article:
(1) § 5-336 in a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR;
(2) § 5-348 in a Public Agency Adoption after TPR;
(3) § 5-3A-17 in a Private Agency Guardianship;
(4) § 5-3A-33 in a Private Agency Adoption; or
(5) § 5-3B-18 in an Independent Adoption.
(b) Information from Other Court. If a required consent indicates that any revocation of the consent must be filed in a court other than the trial court, the trial court may not enter a judgment of adoption or guardianship until it has obtained from the other court a copy of all papers filed in connection with the consent or an affidavit of the clerk of the other court that no papers were filed in connection with the consent.
(c) Supplemental Report. Before entering a judgment of adoption or guardianship, the court may require a supplemental written report from the investigating officer or agency.
(d) Change of Name. If the name of the person adopted is changed, the judgment of adoption shall state the new name of the person adopted and the names of the adopting parents.
(e) Spouse or Registered Domestic Partner of Parent. If the adopting parent is the spouse or registered domestic partner of a parent of the person to be adopted, the judgment shall specifically state whether and to what extent the parental rights of the parent are affected.
(f) Judgments of Adoption — Recording. The clerk shall record each judgment of adoption entered by the juvenile court pursuant to Code, Family Law Article, § 5-352 in the adoption records of the circuit court for the county where the judgment was awarded.
(g) Notice of Adoption of Adult. In an independent adoption where the adoptee is an adult, the clerk shall send a notice of the entry of a judgment of adoption to each living parent, including each de facto parent, and each living adult child of the adoptee. The notice shall be:
(1) sent by first-class mail to the last known address provided in the petition;
(2) include the caption and case number of the case; and
(3) include a statement that the judgment has the effect set forth in Code, Family Law Article, § 5-3B-25.
Committee note: Any attempt to set aside a judgment of adoption by reason of a procedural defect shall be filed with the court within one year following entry of the judgment. See Code, Family Law Article, §§ 5-342 as to a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR; 5-353 as to a Public Agency Adoption after TPR; 5-3A-37 as to a Private Agency Adoption; and 5-3B-26 as to an Independent Adoption.
An adoptive relationship created by a judgment of adoption in another jurisdiction shall be given full faith and credit by the courts of this State. See Code, Family Law Article, §§ 5-305 as to a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR; 5-305 as to a Public Agency Adoption after TPR; 5-3A-05 as to a Private Agency Adoption; and 5-3B-04 as to an Independent Adoption.
For the legal effect of adoption of an adult, see Code, Family Law Article, §§ 5-341 as to a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR; 5-352 as to a Public Agency Adoption after TPR; 5-3A-36 as to a Private Agency Adoption; and 5-3B-25 as to an Independent Adoption.
Source: This Rule is derived in part from former Rule D79 and former Rule 11-501 (g) (2021) and is in part new.
End

Amendment History

Maryland publishes each rule’s adoption and amendment record as a bracketed “Credits” note beneath the rule, giving the date of each Rules Order and the date it took effect. It is reproduced verbatim below.

[Adopted June 5, 1996, eff. Jan. 1, 1997. Amended June 4, 2007, eff. July 1, 2007; Nov. 9, 2021, eff. Jan. 1, 2022; April 5, 2024, eff. July 1, 2024; Feb. 23, 2026, eff. July 1, 2026.]

Plain-English Summary

The judgment cannot come early. The court may not enter one before the time the applicable section of the Family Law Article allows, and the rule lists the section for each of the five proceedings. If a consent says that a revocation must be filed in a different court, the trial court must first obtain from that court either copies of everything filed in connection with the consent or the clerk's affidavit that nothing was. Before entering judgment the court may also require a supplemental written report from the investigating officer or agency.

Two things the judgment must state. If the adoptee's name is changed, the judgment states the new name and the names of the adopting parents. If the adopting parent is the spouse or registered domestic partner of a parent of the adoptee, the judgment must state specifically whether and to what extent that parent's rights are affected — the provision that keeps a stepparent adoption from quietly severing the wrong relationship.

Recording and notice close the rule. The clerk records each judgment of adoption entered by the juvenile court in the adoption records of the circuit court for the county where it was awarded. And in an independent adoption of an adult, the clerk sends notice of the judgment by first-class mail to each living parent, including each de facto parent, and each living adult child of the adoptee, at the last known address given in the petition; the notice carries the caption and case number and states the effect the statute gives the judgment.

A committee note records three points of law the rule assumes: an attempt to set aside a judgment of adoption for a procedural defect must be filed within one year of entry; an adoptive relationship created in another jurisdiction is entitled to full faith and credit in Maryland; and the legal effect of adopting an adult is fixed by statute.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long is there to challenge an adoption judgment?

The committee note states that any attempt to set aside a judgment of adoption by reason of a procedural defect must be filed with the court within one year following entry of the judgment.

Does a stepparent adoption end the other parent's rights?

The judgment has to say. Where the adopting parent is the spouse or registered domestic partner of a parent of the adoptee, the judgment must specifically state whether and to what extent that parent's rights are affected.

Who is told when an adult is adopted?

The clerk sends notice of the judgment by first-class mail to each living parent, including any de facto parent, and each living adult child of the adoptee, at the last known address given in the petition.

Is an adoption granted in another state recognised in Maryland?

Yes. The committee note records that an adoptive relationship created by a judgment of adoption in another jurisdiction is given full faith and credit by Maryland courts.

Does the judgment show the child's new name?

If the name is changed, yes — the judgment states the new name of the person adopted and the names of the adopting parents.

Source & verification. The rule text and amendment history are reproduced verbatim from the Maryland Rules, Title 9 — Family Law Actions (Md. Rule 9-111). Adopted by the Supreme Court of Maryland. The plain-English summary is original and written by us. Last verified September 8, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: Maryland judgment of adoptionset aside adoption one yearstepparent adoption parental rightsadult adoption notice to parentsadoption name change judgment