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Rule 9-106.Appointment of attorney — Attorney affidavit — Investigation

Last amended November 20, 2023 · Current through June 1, 2026 · Last verified September 8, 2026

In one sentenceRule 9-106 requires appointment of an attorney where the statute demands it, allows the adoptive parents or agency to be made to pay for counsel of a person's own choosing, requires an attorney's affidavit with certain consents, and provides for court-ordered investigation.

Full Text of Rule 9-106

Text sizeJump to: (a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) Appointment of Attorney. The court shall appoint an attorney for an individual when required by Code, Family Law Article:
(1) § 5-307 in a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR;
(2) § 5-307 in a Public Agency Adoption after TPR;
(3) § 5-3A-07 in a Private Agency Guardianship;
(4) § 5-3A-07 in a Private Agency Adoption; or
(5) § 5-3B-06 in an Independent Adoption.
(b) Payment of Attorney's Fees. Even if the prospective adoptee is not entitled to a court-appointed attorney, the person is entitled to consult an attorney chosen by that person. The adoptive parents or agency may agree to pay all or part of the attorney's fees on behalf of the person, or the court may order the adoptive parents or agency to do so.
Cross reference: See Code, Family Law Article, §§ 5-309 as to a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR; 5-3A-09 as to a Private Agency Guardianship; and 5-3B-08 as to an Independent Adoption.
(c) Affidavit of Attorney.
(1) With a Parental Consent. The attorney shall file an affidavit in the applicable form set forth at the end of this Title with a consent signed by a parent when required by Code, Family Law Article;
(A) § 5-339 in a Public Agency Adoption without Prior TPR;
(B) § 5-3A-19 in a Private Agency Guardianship; or
(C) § 5-3B-21 in an Independent Adoption.
(2) With a Consent of a Prospective Adoptee. The attorney shall file an affidavit in the applicable form set forth at the end of this Title with a consent signed by a prospective adoptee if the adoptee is represented and
(A) is a minor; or
(B) has a disability that makes the prospective adoptee incapable of effectively participating in a case.
Cross reference: See Rule 9-102 (b)(3).
(d) Investigation by Court.
(1) Optional. The court may order an investigation as provided by Code, Family Law Article:
(A) § 5-3A-16 in a Private Agency Guardianship; or
(B) § 5-3B-16 in an Independent Adoption.
(2) Mandatory. The court shall order an investigation in a nonconsensual Independent Adoption as provided in Code, Family Law Article, § 5-3B-16.
(3) Recommendation of Investigator. If requested by the court, the report of any investigation may include the recommendation of the investigator.
(4) In Writing. The report of any investigation shall be submitted to the court in writing and filed among the records of the proceeding.
Source: This Rule is new.
End

Amendment History

Maryland publishes each rule’s adoption and amendment record as a bracketed “Credits” note beneath the rule, giving the date of each Rules Order and the date it took effect. It is reproduced verbatim below.

[Adopted June 5, 1996, eff. Jan. 1, 1997. Amended June 4, 2007, eff. July 1, 2007; Nov. 9, 2021, eff. Jan. 1, 2022; Nov. 17, 2023, eff. Nov. 20, 2023.]

Plain-English Summary

Three subjects, joined because each is about the court satisfying itself that a consent was real and the placement is sound.

Appointment first. The court appoints an attorney whenever the applicable section of the Family Law Article requires it, and the rule lists the section for each of the five proceedings. Separately, a prospective adoptee who is not entitled to appointed counsel is still entitled to consult a lawyer of their own choosing — and the adoptive parents or the agency may agree to pay those fees, or the court may order them to.

Second, the affidavit. When a parent signs a consent and the statute requires it, the attorney files an affidavit in the form printed at the end of the Title. The same applies to a consent signed by a prospective adoptee who is represented and is either a minor or has a disability that makes effective participation impossible. The affidavit is the court's assurance that someone independent explained what the consent meant.

Third, investigation. The court may order one in a private agency guardianship or an independent adoption, and must order one in a nonconsensual independent adoption. If the court asks, the report may include the investigator's recommendation. Any report is submitted in writing and filed among the records of the proceeding.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who pays for a lawyer the adoptee chooses?

The adoptive parents or the agency may agree to pay all or part of the fees, and the court may order them to do so — even where the person is not entitled to a court-appointed attorney.

When must the court order an investigation?

In a nonconsensual independent adoption the court must order one. In a private agency guardianship or an ordinary independent adoption it may order one.

What is the attorney affidavit for?

It accompanies a consent signed by a parent, or by a represented prospective adoptee who is a minor or has a disability, and confirms the consent's validity. The forms are printed at the end of Title 9.

Does the investigator recommend an outcome?

Only if the court asks. The rule allows the report to include the investigator's recommendation if the court requests it, and requires every report to be in writing and filed in the case.

Source & verification. The rule text and amendment history are reproduced verbatim from the Maryland Rules, Title 9 — Family Law Actions (Md. Rule 9-106). Adopted by the Supreme Court of Maryland. The plain-English summary is original and written by us. Last verified September 8, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: appointed attorney adoption Marylandattorney affidavit consent adoptionadoption investigation orderwho pays adoptee attorney feesnonconsensual independent adoption investigation