23-101.Sexual abuse per se harmful.
Article XXIII. Sexual Abuse Per Se Harmful · Last amended 2024 · Last verified July 20, 2026
Full Text of 735 ILCS 5/23-101
Plain-English Summary
Section 23-101 removes a proof burden that historically made childhood sexual abuse cases harder to win than they should be. For an action arising from sexual conduct or sexual penetration as the Criminal Code defines those terms, if the plaintiff proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant committed childhood sexual abuse as defined in Section 13-202.2, the law treats that conduct as harmful on its face — the court deems it per se harmful and traumatic. The plaintiff still has to prove the abuse happened, but once that is proven, harm is established as a matter of law rather than something the plaintiff must separately convince the fact-finder of. A plaintiff can still put on evidence about how severe the harm was, since that bears on damages even though it no longer bears on whether harm occurred at all.
The section is careful about what it does not do. It does not say when a plaintiff discovered their cause of action, and it does not say when a plaintiff realized their damages were connected to the abuse — both questions that matter for the discovery-rule analysis courts use to decide whether a claim was filed in time under statutes like Section 13-202.2. Section 23-101 answers only the harm question, not the timing question.
The section applies to causes of action arising on or after the effective date of the amendatory act that created it, and also to causes of action where the limitations period had not yet run out as of that date — so it reaches some claims based on older abuse as long as the clock had not already expired.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does it mean that childhood sexual abuse is “per se harmful” under this section?
It means that once a plaintiff proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant committed childhood sexual abuse as Section 13-202.2 defines it, the court treats the conduct as harmful and traumatic to the plaintiff without requiring separate proof of harm.
Does a plaintiff still need to prove how badly they were harmed?
Not to establish that harm occurred — that follows automatically once the abuse is proven. A plaintiff can still offer evidence about the extent of the harm, since that affects the damages awarded.
Does this section decide when the statute of limitations started running?
No. The section says nothing in it should be read to establish when a plaintiff discovered the cause of action or realized their damages were related to the abuse — those discovery-rule questions are left for other law to answer.
What law defines 'childhood sexual abuse' for purposes of this section?
Section 13-202.2 of this Code, the limitations provision governing actions for childhood sexual abuse.
Which cases does this per se harm rule apply to?
Causes of action arising on or after the effective date of the amendatory act of the 103rd General Assembly that created this section, and also causes of action where the limitations period had not yet expired as of that date.
Amendment History
(Source: P.A. 103-1053, eff. 12-20-24.)