Article XIII. Limitations · Part 2. Personal Actions · Last amended 1995 · Last verified July 20, 2026
The official Illinois Compiled Statutes database prints two separate versions of this section — a Public Act later held unconstitutional alongside the text as it read before that amendment; both are shown below.
735 ILCS 5/13-213. With the changes made by P.A. 89-7 (held unconstitutional)
(a) As used in this Section, the term:
(1) "Alteration, modification or change" or "altered,
modified, or changed" means an alteration, modification or
change that was made in the original makeup characteristics,
function or design of a product or in the original
recommendations, instructions and warnings given with
respect to a product including the failure properly to
maintain and care for a product.
(2) "Product" means any tangible object or goods
distributed in commerce, including any service provided in
connection with the product. Where the term "product unit"
is used, it refers to a single item or unit of a product.
(3) "Product liability action" means any action based
on any theory or doctrine brought against the seller of a
product on account of personal injury, (including illness,
disease, disability and death) or property, economic or
other damage allegedly caused by or resulting from the
manufacture, construction, preparation, assembly,
installation, testing, makeup, characteristics, functions,
design, formula, plan, recommendation, specification,
prescription, advertising, sale, marketing, packaging,
labeling, repair, maintenance or disposal of, or warning or
instruction regarding any product. This definition excludes
actions brought by State or federal regulatory agencies
pursuant to statute.
(4) "Seller" means one who, in the course of a
business conducted for the purpose, sells, distributes,
leases, assembles, installs, produces, manufactures,
fabricates, prepares, constructs, packages, labels, markets,
repairs, maintains, or otherwise is involved in placing a
product in the stream of commerce.
(b) Subject to the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) no
product liability action based on any theory or doctrine shall
be commenced except within the applicable limitations period
and, in any event, within 12 years from the date of first sale,
lease or delivery of possession by a seller or 10 years from the
date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession to its
initial user, consumer, or other non-seller, whichever period
expires earlier, of any product unit that is claimed to have
injured or damaged the plaintiff, unless the defendant expressly
has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and
the action is brought within that period.
(c) No product liability action based on any theory or
doctrine to recover for injury or damage claimed to have
resulted from an alteration, modification or change of the
product unit subsequent to the date of first sale, lease or
delivery of possession of the product unit to its initial user,
consumer or other non-seller shall be limited or barred by
subsection (b) hereof if:
(1) the action is brought against a seller making,
authorizing, or furnishing materials for the accomplishment
of such alteration, modification or change (or against a
seller furnishing specifications or instructions for the
accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change
when the injury is claimed to have resulted from failure to
provide adequate specifications or instructions), and
(2) the action commenced within the applicable
limitation period and, in any event, within 10 years from
the date such alteration, modification or change was made,
unless defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period, and
(3) when the injury or damage is claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of a product unit, there is proof that such alteration, modification or change had the effect of introducing into the use of the product unit, by reason of defective materials or workmanship, a hazard not existing prior to such alteration, modification or change.
(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c) if the injury complained of occurs within any of the periods provided by subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c), the plaintiff may bring an action within 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, of the existence of the personal injury, death or property damage, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 8 years after the date on which such personal injury, death or property damage occurred. In any such case, if the person entitled to bring the action was, at the time the personal injury, death or property damage occurred, under the age of 18 years, or under a legal disability, then the period of limitations does not begin to run until the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.
(e) Replacement of a component part of a product unit with a substitute part having the same formula or design as the original part shall not be deemed a sale, lease or delivery of possession or an alteration, modification or change for the purpose of permitting commencement of a product liability action based on any theory or doctrine to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from the formula or design of such product unit or of the substitute part when such action would otherwise be barred according to the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section.
(f) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a cause of action or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.
(g) The provisions of this Section 13-213 of this Act apply to any cause of action accruing on or after January 1, 1979, involving any product which was in or entered the stream of commerce prior to, on, or after January 1, 1979.
(h) This amendatory Act of 1995 applies to causes of action accruing on or after its effective date.
735 ILCS 5/13-213. Without the changes made by P.A. 89-7 (held unconstitutional)
(a) As used in this Section, the term:
(1) "Alteration, modification or change" or "altered, modified, or changed" means an alteration, modification or change that was made in the original makeup characteristics, function or design of a product or in the original recommendations, instructions and warnings given with respect to a product including the failure properly to maintain and care for a product.
(2) "Product" means any tangible object or goods distributed in commerce, including any service provided in connection with the product. Where the term "product unit" is used, it refers to a single item or unit of a product.
(3) "Product liability action" means any action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort brought against the seller of a product on account of personal injury, (including illness, disease, disability and death) or property, economic or other damage allegedly caused by or resulting from the manufacture, construction, preparation, assembly, installation, testing, makeup, characteristics, functions, design, formula, plan, recommendation, specification, prescription, advertising, sale, marketing, packaging, labeling, repair, maintenance or disposal of, or warning or instruction regarding any product. This definition excludes actions brought by State or federal regulatory agencies pursuant to statute.
(4) "Seller" means one who, in the course of a business conducted for the purpose, sells, distributes, leases, assembles, installs, produces, manufactures, fabricates, prepares, constructs, packages, labels, markets, repairs, maintains, or otherwise is involved in placing a product in the stream of commerce. (b) Subject to the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) no product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort shall be commenced except within the applicable limitations period and, in any event, within 12 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession by a seller or 10 years from the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession to its initial user, consumer, or other non-seller, whichever period expires earlier, of any product unit that is claimed to have injured or damaged the plaintiff, unless the defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period. (c) No product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of the product unit subsequent to the date of first sale, lease or delivery of possession of the product unit to its initial user, consumer or other non-seller shall be limited or barred by subsection (b) hereof if:
(1) the action is brought against a seller making, authorizing, or furnishing materials for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change (or against a seller furnishing specifications or instructions for the accomplishment of such alteration, modification or change when the injury is claimed to have resulted from failure to provide adequate specifications or instructions), and
(2) the action commenced within the applicable limitation period and, in any event, within 10 years from the date such alteration, modification or change was made, unless defendant expressly has warranted or promised the product for a longer period and the action is brought within that period, and
(3) when the injury or damage is claimed to have resulted from an alteration, modification or change of a product unit, there is proof that such alteration, modification or change had the effect of introducing into the use of the product unit, by reason of defective materials or workmanship, a hazard not existing prior to such alteration, modification or change.
(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c) if the injury complained of occurs within any of the periods provided by subsection (b) and paragraph (2) of subsection (c), the plaintiff may bring an action within 2 years after the date on which the claimant knew, or through the use of reasonable diligence should have known, of the existence of the personal injury, death or property damage, but in no event shall such action be brought more than 8 years after the date on which such personal injury, death or property damage occurred. In any such case, if the person entitled to bring the action was, at the time the personal injury, death or property damage occurred, under the age of 18 years, or under a legal disability, then the period of limitations does not begin to run until the person attains the age of 18 years, or the disability is removed.
(e) Replacement of a component part of a product unit with a substitute part having the same formula or design as the original part shall not be deemed a sale, lease or delivery of possession or an alteration, modification or change for the purpose of permitting commencement of a product liability action based on the doctrine of strict liability in tort to recover for injury or damage claimed to have resulted from the formula or design of such product unit or of the substitute part when such action would otherwise be barred according to the provisions of subsection (b) of this Section.
(f) Nothing in this Section shall be construed to create a cause of action or to affect the right of any person to seek and obtain indemnity or contribution.
(g) The provisions of this Section 13-213 of this Act apply to any cause of action accruing on or after January 1, 1979, involving any product which was in or entered the stream of commerce prior to, on, or after January 1, 1979.