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Rule 54.Conditions Precedent

Last verified June 28, 2026

In one sentenceRule 54 lets a party plead generally that all conditions precedent have been performed, then prove only those the opponent specifically denies.

Full Text of Rule 54

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In pleading the performance or occurrence of conditions precedent, it shall be sufficient to aver generally that all conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. When such performances or occurrences have been so plead, the party so pleading same shall be required to prove only such of them as are specifically denied by the opposite party.
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Plain-English Summary

Rule 54 streamlines conditions precedent. Rather than detailing each one, a party may aver generally that all conditions precedent have been performed or have occurred. Once pleaded that way, the party need prove only those conditions the opposing party specifically denies.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you plead conditions precedent in Texas?

Generally — Rule 54 lets you aver that all conditions precedent have been performed. You then prove only the ones the other side specifically denies.

What happens if the opposing party denies a condition precedent?

Under Rule 54, once conditions precedent are pleaded generally, the pleading party must prove only the conditions the opposing party specifically denies — not every condition it listed.

What if the opposing party never denies any condition precedent?

Then Rule 54 relieves the pleading party of proving any of them. A general averment that all conditions precedent occurred stands unless specifically denied.

Source & verification. Rule text and the official Notes and Comments are reproduced verbatim from the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure (Tex. R. Civ. P. 54), published by the Texas Judicial Branch (txcourts.gov). Promulgated by the Supreme Court of Texas. The plain-English summary is original and draws on official sources. Last verified June 28, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: conditions precedentgeneral avermentspecific denialTRCP 54