§ 172.204.Representation and Assistance
Title 7. Alternate Methods of Dispute Resolution · Chapter 172. Arbitration and Conciliation of International Commercial Disputes · Subchapter H. Provisions Relating Only to Conciliation · Last amended 1997 · Last verified August 29, 2026
Full Text of § 172.204
Plain-English Summary
Representation, and the choice is deliberately unrestricted.
A party may appear in person. No representative is required.
Or be represented or assisted by a person of the party’s choice.
The section does not say lawyer. A representative or assistant may be anyone the party selects.
That breadth suits international practice. A party may want a lawyer admitted in another country, an industry expert, or a trusted commercial manager who knows the relationship.
Assistance is distinguished from representation. A party may appear and be helped, rather than have someone appear in its place.
Contrast the arbitration side. Section 171.048 guarantees representation by an attorney and voids an advance waiver of that right.
The difference reflects what the process is. A conciliation decides nothing, so the protections are lighter than in a proceeding that ends in a binding award.
Choice of representative can matter to settlement. The person in the room shapes whether a relationship is repaired or a position is defended.
The choice can include someone with no legal role at all. A technical adviser or an interpreter may be the person a party most needs in the room.
Representation is not required at any stage. A party may appear alone, which keeps the process open to smaller businesses.
The conciliator does not vet the choice. The section leaves the selection to the party, and the conciliator’s role is to assist toward settlement rather than to police the participants.
Confidentiality covers what representatives hear. Section 172.206 protects statements made in the course of the conciliation without regard to who was present.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a party bring a lawyer to a conciliation?
Yes. A party may be represented or assisted by a person of the party’s choice.
Does the representative have to be a lawyer?
No. The section leaves the choice to the party.
Can a party appear alone?
Yes, in person.
Amendment History
- Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 109, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Redesignated from Vernon's Ann.Civ.St. art. 249-21 and amended by
- Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 588, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 5.02, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.