§ 1101.1.Civil Actions - Offers of Judgment - Counteroffers - Recovery of Costs and Attorney Fees
Chapter 19: Miscellaneous Proceedings · Last amended November 1, 2002 · Last verified August 3, 2026
In one sentenceSection 1101.1 lets a defendant file a pre-trial offer of judgment and the plaintiff file a counteroffer, then shifts litigation costs and attorney fees toward whichever side rejected an offer the verdict proves it should have accepted, with a $100,000 threshold for personal-injury and wrongful-death claims.
A.Actions for personal injury, wrongful death, and certain specified actions.
1.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this subsection, after a civil action is brought for the recovery of money as the result of a claim for personal injury, wrongful death, or pursuant to Chapter 21 of Title 25 or Section 5 of Title 85 of the Oklahoma Statutes, any defendant may file with the court, at any time more than ten (10) days prior to trial, an offer of judgment for a sum certain to any plaintiff with respect to the action or any claim or claims asserted in the action. An offer of judgment shall be deemed to include any costs or attorney fees otherwise recoverable unless it expressly provides otherwise. If an offer of judgment is filed, each plaintiff to whom an offer of judgment is made shall, within ten (10) days, file:
a.a written acceptance or rejection of such offer, or
b.a counteroffer of judgment, as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection.
If the plaintiff fails to file a timely response, the offer of judgment shall be deemed rejected. The fact an offer of judgment is made but not accepted or is deemed rejected does not preclude subsequent timely offers of judgment.
2.In the event a defendant files an offer of judgment, the plaintiff may, within ten (10) days, file with the court a counteroffer of judgment directed to each defendant who has filed an offer of judgment. If a counteroffer of judgment is filed, each defendant to whom the counteroffer of judgment is made shall, within ten (10) days, file a written acceptance or rejection of the counteroffer of judgment. If a defendant fails to file a timely response, the counteroffer of judgment shall be deemed rejected. The fact a counteroffer of judgment is made but not accepted or deemed rejected does not preclude subsequent counteroffers of judgment if subsequent offers of judgment are made.
3.In the event the plaintiff rejects the offer(s) of judgment and the judgment awarded the plaintiff is less than the final offer of judgment, then the defendant filing the offer of judgment shall be entitled to recover reasonable litigation costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by that defendant from the date of filing of the final offer of judgment until the date of the verdict. Such costs and fees may be offset from the judgment entered against the offering defendant; provided, however, that prior to any such offset, the plaintiff's attorney may:
a.exercise any attorneys lien claimed in an amount not to exceed twenty-five percent (25%) of the judgment, and
b.recover the plaintiff's reasonable litigation costs, not to exceed an additional fifteen percent (15%) of the judgment or Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00), whichever is greater.
4.In the event a defendant rejects the counteroffer(s) of judgment and the judgment awarded to the plaintiff is greater than the final counteroffer of judgment, the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover reasonable litigation costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the plaintiff from the date of filing of the final counteroffer of judgment until the date of the verdict. Such costs and fees may be added to the judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff.
5.The provisions of this subsection shall apply only where the plaintiff demands in a pleading or in trial proceedings more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00), or where the defendant makes an offer of judgment more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00). Any offer of judgment may precede the demand.
1.After a civil action is brought for the recovery of money or property in an action other than for personal injury, wrongful death or pursuant to Chapter 21 of Title 25 or Section 5 of Title 85 of the Oklahoma Statutes, any defendant may file with the court, at any time more than ten (10) days prior to trial, an offer of judgment for a sum certain to any plaintiff with respect to the action or any claim or claims asserted in the action. An offer of judgment shall be deemed to include any costs and attorney fees otherwise recoverable unless it expressly provides otherwise. If an offer of judgment is filed, the plaintiff or plaintiffs to whom the offer of judgment is made shall, within ten (10) days, file:
a.a written acceptance or rejection of the offer, or
b.a counteroffer of judgment, as described in paragraph 2 of this subsection. If a plaintiff fails to file a timely response, the offer of judgment shall be deemed rejected. The fact an offer of judgment is made but not accepted or is deemed rejected does not preclude subsequent timely offers of judgment.
2.In the event a defendant files an offer of judgment, the plaintiff may, within ten (10) days, file with the court a counteroffer of judgment to each defendant who has filed an offer of judgment and the claim or claims which are the subject thereof. If a counteroffer of judgment is filed, each defendant to whom a counteroffer of judgment is made shall, within ten (10) days, file a written acceptance or rejection of the counteroffer of judgment. If a defendant fails to file a timely response, the counteroffer of judgment shall be deemed rejected. The fact a counteroffer of judgment is made but not accepted or is deemed rejected does not preclude subsequent counteroffers of judgment if subsequent offers of judgment are made.
3.If no offer of judgment or counteroffer of judgment is accepted and the judgment awarded the plaintiff is less than one or more offers of judgment, the defendant shall be entitled to reasonable litigation costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the defendant with respect to the action or the claim or claims included in the offer of judgment from and after the date of the first offer of judgment which is greater than the judgment until the date of the judgment. Such costs and fees may be offset from the judgment entered against the offering defendant.
4.If no offer of judgment or counteroffer of judgment is accepted and the judgment awarded the plaintiff is greater than one or more counteroffers of judgment, the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover the reasonable litigation costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the plaintiff with respect to the action or the claim or claims included in the counteroffer of judgment from and after the date of the first counteroffer of judgment which is less than the judgment until the date of the judgment. Such costs and fees may be added to the judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff.
5.An award of reasonable litigation costs and reasonable attorneys fees under paragraph 3 of this subsection shall not preclude an award under paragraph 4 of this subsection, and an award under paragraph 4 of this subsection shall not preclude an award under paragraph 3 of this subsection.
6.This subsection shall not apply to actions brought pursuant to Chapter 21 of Title 25 or Section 5 of Title 85 of the Oklahoma Statutes.
C.For purposes of comparing the amount of a judgment with the amount of an offer under paragraph 3 or 4 of subsection A of this section or paragraph 3 or 4 of subsection B of this section, attorney fees and costs otherwise recoverable shall be included in the amount of the compared judgment only if the offer was inclusive of attorney fees and costs. Fees or costs recoverable for work performed after the date of the offer shall not be included in the amount of the judgment for purposes of comparison.
D.Evidence of an offer of judgment or a counteroffer of judgment shall not be admissible in any action or proceeding for any purpose except in proceedings to enforce a settlement arising out of an offer of judgment or counteroffer of judgment or to determine reasonable attorneys fees and reasonable litigation costs under this section.
E.This section shall apply whether or not litigation costs or attorneys fees are otherwise recoverable.
F.The provisions of this section are severable, and if any part or provision thereof shall be held void, the decision of the court shall not affect or impair any of the remaining parts or provisions thereof.
G.This section shall apply to all civil actions filed after the effective date of this act.
Amendment History
Added by Laws 1995, SB 263, c. 287, §1; Amended by Laws 1999, SB 751, c. 293, §12, eff.
11/1/1999; Amended by Laws 2002, HB 1939, c. 468, §7, emerg. eff. 11/1/2002.
Plain-English Summary
More than ten days before trial, a defendant in a civil action can file an offer of judgment for a sum certain; the plaintiff then has ten days to accept it, reject it, or file a counteroffer of judgment back at the defendant. Silence counts as rejection. If the defendant rejects a counteroffer and the eventual judgment beats it, the plaintiff recovers reasonable litigation costs and attorney fees from the counteroffer date to the verdict, added onto the judgment. If the plaintiff rejects an offer and recovers less than it, the defendant recovers its costs and fees from the offer date to the verdict, offset against the judgment — though the plaintiff's attorney gets to take a lien of up to 25% of the judgment, plus litigation costs of up to an additional 15% or $5,000, whichever is greater, before that offset applies.
Subsection A applies this scheme, with a twist, to personal injury, wrongful death, and two specific categories of statutory claims: a discrimination claim under Chapter 21 of Title 25, or a workers'-compensation retaliatory-discharge claim under Section 5 of Title 85. There, the whole mechanism only kicks in once the plaintiff has demanded more than $100,000, or the defendant has offered more than that amount. Subsection B covers other civil actions with a similar offer-and-counteroffer structure, but without that dollar threshold, and lets both a defendant's unaccepted offer and a plaintiff's unaccepted counteroffer trigger separate fee-shifting awards in the same case.
The remaining subsections round out the mechanics: an offer is presumed to include costs and fees unless it says otherwise, evidence of any offer or counteroffer is inadmissible except to enforce a settlement or set fees under this section, and the statute applies whether or not costs or fees would otherwise be recoverable in the case.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does an Oklahoma offer of judgment work under Section 1101.1?
A defendant files an offer of judgment for a sum certain more than ten days before trial; the plaintiff must respond within ten days by accepting, rejecting, or filing a counteroffer, or the offer is deemed rejected.
What happens if I reject an offer of judgment and recover less at trial?
The defendant recovers reasonable litigation costs and attorney fees incurred from the date of the offer to the verdict, offset against the judgment, though the plaintiff's attorney's lien and a share of litigation costs come off the top first.
Does the $100,000 threshold apply to every civil action?
No — subsection A's dollar threshold applies only to personal injury, wrongful death, and the two specific statutory claims it names; subsection B covers other civil actions without that threshold.
Is an offer of judgment admissible at trial?
No, subsection D bars evidence of an offer or counteroffer of judgment except in a proceeding to enforce a settlement or to determine attorney fees and costs under this section.
Does an offer of judgment automatically include costs and attorney fees?
Yes, unless the offer expressly says otherwise.
Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from
Title 12 of the Oklahoma Statutes, enacted by the Oklahoma Legislature.
Last verified August 3, 2026.
· Official source
Also known as:Oklahoma offer of judgment counteroffer statute12 O.S. § 1101.1personal injury offer of judgment $100,000 Oklahomaattorney fees rejecting settlement offer Oklahoma