An image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a web mapping service, a global satellite imaging site, or an internet mapping tool, is admissible in evidence if such image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information indicates the date such material was created and subject to a challenge that the image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a web mapping service, a global satellite imaging site, or an internet mapping tool does not fairly and accurately portray that which it is being offered to prove. A party intending to offer such image or information in evidence at a trial or hearing shall, at least thirty days before the trial or hearing, give notice of such intent, providing a copy or specifying the internet address at which such image or information may be inspected. No later than ten days before the trial or hearing, or later for good cause shown, a party upon whom such notice is served may object to the request to admit into evidence such image or information, stating the grounds for the objection. Unless objection is made pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall take judicial notice and admit into evidence such image, map, location, distance, calculation or other information.
§ 4532-b.[Admissibility of information from web mapping service, global satellite imaging site or internet mapping tool]
Article 45. Evidence · Last amended 2019 · Last verified July 21, 2026
In one sentenceCPLR 4532-b admits an image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information taken from a web mapping service, satellite imaging site, or internet mapping tool once it shows its creation date, so long as advance notice is given and no timely objection challenges its accuracy, in which case the court takes judicial notice and admits it.
Full Text of CPLR 4532-b
Plain-English Summary
Tools like online mapping and satellite imagery services have become common sources of proof in New York courtrooms, showing distances, locations, and the appearance of a site at a point in time. CPLR 4532-b builds a notice-and-objection procedure around that kind of evidence rather than treating it like an ordinary document that needs a sponsoring witness.
The image or information has to show the date it was created, and it stays subject to a challenge that it does not accurately depict what it is offered to prove. A party who wants to use it at trial or a hearing must give notice at least thirty days beforehand, either providing a copy or specifying the internet address where the material can be inspected.
The opposing party then has until ten days before the proceeding, or later for good cause, to object and state the grounds. If no one objects within that window, the court takes judicial notice of the image or information and admits it, no separate authenticating witness required. If an objection is timely raised, the party offering the exhibit still has to establish it through other means.
Frequently Asked Questions
What evidence does CPLR 4532-b cover?
Images, maps, locations, distances, calculations, or other information taken from a web mapping service, a global satellite imaging site, or an internet mapping tool.
What has to appear on the mapping exhibit itself?
It must indicate the date the material was created, since the statute conditions admissibility on that date being shown.
How much advance notice does a party have to give before using this kind of evidence at trial?
At least thirty days before the trial or hearing, providing a copy of the material or the internet address where it can be inspected.
What happens if no one objects to the mapping evidence?
The court takes judicial notice of the image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information and admits it into evidence.
How does a party object to mapping evidence offered under CPLR 4532-b?
By serving an objection no later than ten days before the trial or hearing, or later for good cause shown, stating the grounds for the objection.
What is the standard for challenging this kind of digital mapping evidence?
An objection can be based on the image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information not accurately portraying what it is offered to prove.
Amendment History
L 2019, ch 223, § 2, effective December 28, 2018.
Source & verification. Provision text, History, and Advisory
Committee Notes are reproduced verbatim from the Consolidated Laws of New York.
Last verified July 21, 2026.
· Official source
Also known as: Google Maps evidence New York courtsatellite imagery admissible evidenceinternet mapping tool evidence rulejudicial notice web mapping service