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Rule 48.Number of Jurors -- Majority Verdict

Effective July 1, 1974 · Last amended March 1, 2008 · Last verified June 26, 2026

In one sentenceRule 48 lets the parties agree to a smaller jury or to accept a stated-majority verdict instead of a unanimous one.

Full Text of Rule 48

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The parties may stipulate that the jury shall consist of any number less than twelve, or less than six in the District Court, or that a verdict or a finding of a stated majority of the jurors shall be taken as the verdict or finding of the jury.
End

Rule History

Effective July 1, 1974. Amended November 28, 2007, effective March 1, 2008.

Reporter’s Notes

(2008)

The title of Rule 48 has been changed to "Number of Jurors--Majority Verdict" in light of the fact that there are six-person juries in the District Court. The language of Rule 48 has likewise been amended.

(1996)

With the merger of the District Court rules into the Mass.R.Civ.P., Rule 48 has been made applicable to the District Court, to the extent that Massachusetts law permits trial by jury in District Court civil actions.

(1973)

Rule 48 is the same as Federal Rule 48. Its provisions should be read in connection with Mass.G.L. c. 234, ss. 34A and 34B. Under section 34A, an agreement of five-sixths of the jury suffices to render a verdict. Under section 34B, if during trial a juror is unable to perform his duty for good cause (e.g.- death, illness) the trial may proceed with the remaining jurors, except that no trial may proceed with less than ten jurors unless the parties agree to the lesser number.

Plain-English Summary

Rule 48 is about party agreement on the jury. By stipulation, the parties may try the case to fewer than twelve jurors (fewer than six in the District Court), and they may agree that the verdict or finding of a stated majority of the jurors will be taken as the jury's verdict. Absent such a stipulation, the ordinary jury size and unanimity rules apply.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a civil jury have fewer than twelve members?

Yes, by stipulation of the parties—fewer than twelve, or fewer than six in the District Court. Without an agreement, the usual jury size applies.

Can the parties agree to a non-unanimous verdict?

Yes. Under Rule 48 the parties may stipulate that the verdict or finding of a stated majority of the jurors will be taken as the verdict of the jury.

Source & verification. Rule text, Rule History, and Reporter’s Notes reproduced verbatim from the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure as published by the Massachusetts Trial Court Law Libraries. Promulgated by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Last verified June 26, 2026. · Official text
Also known as: number of jurorsmajority verdictjury size stipulation