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§ 680.370.Tangible Personal Property

Title 9. Enforcement of Judgments · Division 1 · Chapter 1. Short Title and Definitions · Enacted 1982 · no amendments on record · Last verified July 28, 2026

In one sentenceSection 680.370 defines tangible personal property to include chattel paper, documents of title, instruments, securities, and money, a list that treats certain forms of paper and financial instruments as tangible even though they represent intangible rights, because a levying officer must take physical custody of them.

Full Text of § 680.370

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"Tangible personal property" includes chattel paper, documents of title, instruments, securities, and money.

Plain-English Summary

This definition can be counterintuitive at first glance. A promissory note or a stock certificate represents an intangible right to payment or ownership, yet this section groups instruments and securities together with money as "tangible" personal property. The reason is practical rather than conceptual: whatever right the paper represents, the paper itself is a physical object that a levying officer has to locate and physically take possession of to enforce against it.

That distinction -- tangible versus intangible -- determines which levy procedure applies. Property on this list generally has to be seized the way currency or a piece of furniture would be seized, while intangible property like a general intangible (§ 680.210) or a deposit account (§ 680.170) gets reached through notice served on a third party instead, without any physical object changing hands.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does this section call things like promissory notes and stock certificates "tangible" property?

Because even though they represent intangible rights, the physical paper itself must be located and taken into a levying officer's custody to enforce against it -- the same practical treatment as physical currency.

What items fall under "tangible personal property" here?

Chattel paper, documents of title, instruments, securities, and money.

How does levying on tangible personal property differ from levying on intangible property?

Tangible property generally requires physical seizure by the levying officer, while intangible property like deposit accounts or general intangibles is typically reached by serving notice on a third party who holds the debtor's payment right.

Amendment History

Added by Stats. 1982, Ch. 1364, Sec. 2. Operative July 1, 1983, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 1364.

Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from the Deering's California Codes Annotated / vLex. Enacted by the California Legislature. Last verified July 28, 2026. · Official source
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