§ 1297.223.Applicability of Agreement Or Determination
Title 9.3. Arbitration and Conciliation of International Commercial Disputes · Chapter 5. Manner and Conduct of Arbitration · Article 5. Language · Enacted 1988 · no amendments on record · Last verified July 29, 2026
Full Text of § 1297.223
Plain-English Summary
Choosing a language under Section 1297.221 or 1297.222 would not accomplish much if it only covered some parts of the case, so this section makes the choice comprehensive. Unless the parties or the tribunal specify otherwise, the chosen language governs every written statement a party submits, every hearing that takes place, and every award, decision, or other communication the tribunal issues.
That default sweep does not lock the parties or tribunal into using a single language for absolutely everything with no exceptions. The section itself allows for a different specification -- the parties or the tribunal can carve out a different language for a particular document or stage of the proceeding if that makes more sense for the case.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the chosen language apply to written submissions, hearings, and the final award alike?
Yes -- unless otherwise specified, it applies to any written statement, any hearing, and any award, decision, or other communication by the tribunal.
Can a different language be used for something specific despite the general choice?
Yes -- the default applies “unless otherwise specified,” leaving room for exceptions.
Amendment History
Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 23, Sec. 1. Effective March 7, 1988.