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§ 1297.223.Applicability of Agreement Or Determination

Title 9.3. Arbitration and Conciliation of International Commercial Disputes · Chapter 5. Manner and Conduct of Arbitration · Article 5. Language · Enacted 1988 · no amendments on record · Last verified July 29, 2026

In one sentenceSection 1297.223 applies the parties' agreed language or the tribunal's determined language, unless otherwise specified, to any written statement by a party, any hearing, and any arbitral award, decision, or other communication by the tribunal.

Full Text of § 1297.223

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The agreement or determination, unless otherwise specified, shall apply to any written statement by a party, any hearing, and any arbitral award, decision, or other communication by the arbitral tribunal.

Plain-English Summary

Choosing a language under Section 1297.221 or 1297.222 would not accomplish much if it only covered some parts of the case, so this section makes the choice comprehensive. Unless the parties or the tribunal specify otherwise, the chosen language governs every written statement a party submits, every hearing that takes place, and every award, decision, or other communication the tribunal issues.

That default sweep does not lock the parties or tribunal into using a single language for absolutely everything with no exceptions. The section itself allows for a different specification -- the parties or the tribunal can carve out a different language for a particular document or stage of the proceeding if that makes more sense for the case.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the chosen language apply to written submissions, hearings, and the final award alike?

Yes -- unless otherwise specified, it applies to any written statement, any hearing, and any award, decision, or other communication by the tribunal.

Can a different language be used for something specific despite the general choice?

Yes -- the default applies “unless otherwise specified,” leaving room for exceptions.

Amendment History

Added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 23, Sec. 1. Effective March 7, 1988.

Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from the Deering's California Codes Annotated / vLex. Enacted by the California Legislature. Last verified July 29, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: scope of chosen arbitration language californialanguage rule hearings written statements award