(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this chapter, an action or proceeding to review the issuance, revocation, suspension, or denial of a permit or other entitlement for expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution shall be conducted in accordance with subdivision (d).
§ 1094.8.Issuance, Revocation, Suspension Or Denial of Permit Or Other Entitlement For Constitutionally Protected Expressive Conduct
Title 1. Of Writs of Review, Mandate, and Prohibition · Chapter 2. Writ of Mandate · Enacted 1999 · no amendments on record · Last verified July 29, 2026
In one sentenceSection 1094.8 creates an expedited judicial review procedure for challenges to a public agency's issuance, revocation, suspension, or denial of a permit for expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment, imposing short deadlines for preparing the record, filing the petition, holding the hearing, and issuing a decision.
Full Text of § 1094.8
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) The terms "permit" and "entitlement" are used interchangeably.
(2) The term "permit applicant" means both an applicant for a permit and a permitholder.
(3) The term "public agency" means a city, county, city and county, a joint powers authority or similar public entity formed pursuant to Section 65850.4 of the Government Code, or any other public entity authorized by law to issue permits for expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
(c) A public agency may, if it so chooses, designate the permits or entitlements to which this section applies by adopting an ordinance or resolution which contains a specific listing or other description of the permits or entitlements issued by the public agency which are eligible for expedited judicial review pursuant to this section because the permits regulate expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
(d) The procedure set forth in this subdivision, when applicable, shall supersede anything to the contrary set forth in this chapter.
(1) Within five court days after receipt of written notification from a permit applicant that the permit applicant will seek judicial review of a public agency's action on the permit, the public agency shall prepare, certify, and make available the administrative record to the permit applicant.
(2) Either the public agency or the permit applicant may bring an action in accordance with the procedure set forth in this section. If the permit applicant brings the action, the action shall be in the form of a petition for writ of mandate pursuant to Section 1085 or 1094.5, as appropriate.
(3) The party bringing the action pursuant to this section shall file and serve the petition on the respondent no later than 21 calendar days following the public agency's final decision on the permit. The title page of the petition shall contain the following language in 18-point type:
"ATTENTION: THIS MATTER IS ENTITLED TO PRIORITY AND SUBJECT TO THE EXPEDITED HEARING AND REVIEW PROCEDURES CONTAINED IN SECTION 1094.8 OF THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE."
(4) The clerk of the court shall set a hearing for review of the petition no later than 25 calendar days from the date the petition is filed. Moving, opposition, and reply papers shall be filed as provided in the California Rules of Court. The petitioner shall lodge the administrative record with the court no later than 10 calendar days in advance of the hearing date.
(5) Following the conclusion of the hearing, the court shall render its decision in an expeditious manner consistent with constitutional requirements in view of the particular facts and circumstances. In no event shall the decision be rendered later than 20 calendar days after the matter is submitted or 50 calendar days after the date the petition is filed pursuant to paragraph (4), whichever is earlier.
(e) If the presiding judge of the court in which the action is filed determines that, as a result of either the press of other court business or other factors, the court will be unable to meet any one or more of the deadlines provided within this section, the presiding judge shall request the temporary assignment of a judicial officer to hear the petition and render a decision within the time limits contained herein, pursuant to Section 68543.8 of the Government Code. Given the short time period involved, the request shall be entitled to priority.
(f) In any action challenging the issuance, revocation, suspension, or denial of a permit or entitlement, the parties to the action shall be permitted to jointly waive the time limits provided for herein.
Plain-English Summary
Permits tied to First Amendment-protected expressive activity can lose their value if judicial review drags on, so this section builds a fast track into the ordinary mandate and administrative mandamus procedures. It applies to actions reviewing a public agency's issuance, revocation, suspension, or denial of a permit or entitlement for expressive conduct, and a public agency may choose to specifically designate which of its permits qualify by adopting an ordinance or resolution identifying them.
The procedure itself runs on a tight clock. Within five court days after a permit applicant gives written notice of intent to seek judicial review, the agency has to prepare, certify, and make the administrative record available. Whoever brings the action — the agency or the permit applicant — has to file and serve the petition within 21 calendar days of the agency's final decision, with the petition's title page carrying a prominent notice, in 18-point type, flagging that the case is subject to this expedited procedure.
From there, the court has to set a hearing within 25 calendar days of filing, the petitioner has to lodge the administrative record at least 10 calendar days before the hearing, and the court has to decide the case within 20 calendar days after submission or 50 calendar days after filing, whichever comes first. If the presiding judge anticipates the court can't meet these deadlines because of caseload or other factors, the judge can request a temporary judicial assignment to keep the case on schedule. The parties can also jointly agree to waive these time limits if they'd rather proceed at an ordinary pace.
Frequently Asked Questions
What kind of permit disputes qualify for this expedited procedure?
Actions reviewing a public agency's issuance, revocation, suspension, or denial of a permit or other entitlement for expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment.
How quickly must the agency produce the administrative record?
Within five court days after receiving written notification that the permit applicant will seek judicial review.
What's the deadline to file the petition under this section?
No later than 21 calendar days following the public agency's final decision on the permit.
How fast will the court hear and decide the case?
The hearing must be set within 25 calendar days of filing, and the decision must issue within 20 calendar days of submission or 50 calendar days of filing, whichever is earlier.
Can the parties agree to skip these expedited deadlines?
Yes. Section 1094.8(f) lets the parties jointly waive the time limits this section otherwise imposes.
Amendment History
Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 49, Sec. 1. Effective June 28, 1999.
Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from
the Deering's California Codes Annotated / vLex. Enacted by the California Legislature.
Last verified July 29, 2026.
· Official source
Also known as: ccp 1094.8 expedited writ of mandate californiafirst amendment permit judicial review californiaexpressive conduct permit challenge california procedure