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§ 708.170.Failure of Person to Appear When Served By Sheriff, Marshal, Specially Appointed Person, Or Process Server

Title 9. Enforcement of Judgments · Division 2 · Chapter 6. Miscellaneous Creditors' Remedies · Article 2. Examination Proceedings · Last amended 2024 · Last verified July 28, 2026

In one sentenceSection 708.170 lets a court, when a debtor properly served with an examination order fails to appear, bring the debtor in on a warrant and punish for contempt or issue an arrest warrant, award the creditor attorney's fees if the failure lacked good cause, and makes willful improper service leading to an arrest a misdemeanor.

Full Text of § 708.170

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(a) If an order requiring a person to appear for an examination under subdivision (e) of Section 708.110 was served by a sheriff, marshal, a person specially appointed by the court in the order, or a registered process server, and the person fails to appear:
(1) The court may do either of the following:
(A) Pursuant to a warrant, have the person brought before the court to answer for the failure to appear and may punish the person for contempt.
(B) Issue a warrant for the arrest of the person who failed to appear as required by the court order, pursuant to Section 1993.
(2) If the person's failure to appear is without good cause, the judgment creditor shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the examination proceeding. Attorney's fees awarded against the judgment debtor shall be added to and become part of the principal amount of the judgment.
(b) A person who willfully makes an improper service of an order for an examination which subsequently results in the arrest pursuant to subdivision (a) of the person who fails to appear is guilty of a misdemeanor.

Plain-English Summary

This is the enforcement backbone behind § 708.110's examination order, and the reason its boldface warning about arrest carries real weight. If the person ordered to appear was served by one of the specific methods the statute lists — a sheriff, marshal, a person the court specially appointed, or a registered process server — and still doesn't show up, the court has two options: bring the person in on a warrant to answer for the failure and punish for contempt, or issue an arrest warrant under § 1993 directly.

Money follows the failure, too. If the debtor's failure to appear was without good cause, the creditor gets an award of reasonable attorney's fees incurred in the examination proceeding, and those fees don't just sit as a separate obligation — they get added to and become part of the judgment's own principal amount.

The statute also polices the process itself. Someone who willfully serves an examination order improperly, in a way that later leads to the arrest of the person who then failed to appear, commits a misdemeanor. That's a check against using this section's arrest power as a weapon through sloppy or dishonest service.

Consumer-debt cases don't follow this section's arrest track directly — § 708.111 requires an order to show cause and a chance to file a financial affidavit before any warrant to compel attendance can issue in those cases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What can a court do if a properly served debtor doesn't appear for examination?

Bring the debtor in on a warrant to answer for the failure and punish for contempt, or issue an arrest warrant under § 1993.

Does a missed appearance cost the debtor anything besides the risk of arrest?

Yes, if the failure to appear was without good cause, the creditor is awarded reasonable attorney's fees, which get added to the judgment's principal amount.

Is there a penalty for serving an examination order improperly?

Yes. Someone who willfully makes an improper service that leads to an arrest under this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.

Does this arrest procedure apply to consumer-debt examinations?

No. Section 708.111 requires an order to show cause and an opportunity to file a financial affidavit before any warrant can issue in a qualifying consumer-debt case.

Amendment History

Amended by Stats 2023 ch 562 (AB 1119),s 3, eff. 1/1/2024. Amended by Stats 2006 ch 277 (AB 2369),s 2, eff. 1/1/2007.

Source & verification. Section text is reproduced verbatim from the Deering's California Codes Annotated / vLex. Enacted by the California Legislature. Last verified July 28, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: bench warrant failure to appear debtor examination californiacontempt debtor examination california