Chapter 3. Actions · Article 7.1. Lien for Hospital, Medical and Nursing Services · Last amended 2015 · Last verified July 16, 2026
In one sentenceSection 8.01-66.5 requires a written notice of lien, naming the provider and the injured person, before certain medical and hospital liens become effective, exempts cases where the injured party’s attorney knew the Commonwealth paid, and imposes a separate notice-and-response duty between the injured party and the Department of Medical Assistance Services in nursing home cases.
A.No lien provided for in § 8.01-66.2, 8.01-66.9, or 19.2-368.15 shall be created or become effective in favor of the Commonwealth, an institution thereof, or a hospital, nursing home, physician, nurse, or physical therapist, or emergency medical services and transportation provided by an emergency medical services vehicle, unless and until a written notice of lien setting forth the name of the Commonwealth or the institution, hospital, nursing home, physician, nurse, physical therapist, or emergency medical services agency that provided emergency medical services or emergency medical services vehicle transportation and the name of the injured person has been served upon or given to the person, firm, or corporation whose negligence is alleged to have caused such injuries, or to the attorney for the injured party, or to the injured party. Such written notice of lien shall not be required if the attorney for the injured party knew that medical services were either provided or paid for by the Commonwealth.
B.In any action for personal injuries or wrongful death against a nursing home or its agents, if the Department of Medical Assistance Services has paid for any health care services provided to the injured party or decedent relating to the action, the injured party or personal representative shall, within 60 days of filing a lawsuit or 21 days of determining that the Department of Medical Assistance Services has paid for such health care services, whichever is later, give written notice to the Department of Medical Assistance Services that the lawsuit has been filed. The Department of Medical Assistance Services shall provide a written response, stating the amount of the lien as of the date of their response, within 60 days of receiving a request for that information from the injured party or personal representative.
Plain-English Summary
Section 8.01-66.5 makes written notice a precondition to enforcing the liens described in §§ 8.01-66.2, 8.01-66.9, and 19.2-368.15. No such lien is created or becomes effective in favor of the Commonwealth, an institution of the Commonwealth, or a hospital, nursing home, physician, nurse, physical therapist, or emergency medical services provider unless a written notice of lien — identifying the Commonwealth, institution, hospital, nursing home, physician, nurse, physical therapist, or emergency medical services agency, and naming the injured person — has been served on or given to the alleged negligent party, that party’s attorney, or the injured party. The notice is unnecessary, though, if the injured party’s attorney already knew the medical services were provided or paid for by the Commonwealth.
Subsection B adds a separate procedure for personal injury or wrongful death actions against a nursing home when the Department of Medical Assistance Services has paid for related health care. The injured party or personal representative must give the Department written notice that the lawsuit has been filed, within 60 days of filing suit or 21 days of learning the Department paid for the care, whichever comes later. The Department, in turn, must respond in writing with the amount of its lien within 60 days of receiving a request for that information.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a hospital or doctor automatically have a lien on my injury claim in Virginia?
Not without written notice. Section 8.01-66.5 says the lien is not created or effective until a written notice of lien, naming the provider and the injured person, is served on or given to the alleged negligent party, that party’s attorney, or the injured party.
Is written notice ever unnecessary?
Yes. If the injured party’s attorney already knew the medical services were provided or paid for by the Commonwealth, the written notice of lien is not required.
What extra notice is required in a lawsuit against a nursing home?
If the Department of Medical Assistance Services paid for care related to the injury, subsection B requires the injured party or personal representative to notify the Department in writing that suit has been filed, within 60 days of filing or 21 days of learning the Department paid, whichever is later.
How quickly must the Department of Medical Assistance Services respond once notified?
The Department must provide a written response stating the amount of its lien as of the date of the response, within 60 days of receiving a request for that information from the injured party or personal representative.
Which liens does this notice requirement cover?
The liens provided for in § 8.01-66.2, § 8.01-66.9, and § 19.2-368.15 — the general medical and hospital lien, the Commonwealth’s broader program lien, and a related crime-victim provision.
Amendment History
Code 1950, § 32-142; 1979, c. 722; 1980, c. 623; 1983, c. 263; 1988, c. 544; 1998, c. 183; 2003, cc. 455, 525; 2013, c. 273; 2015, cc. 502, 503.
Source & verification. Section text and amendment history are
reproduced verbatim from the Code of Virginia, published by the
Code of Virginia, Virginia Division of Legislative Automated Systems. Last verified July 16, 2026.
· Official source
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