(a) General Verdicts. Except as otherwise provided in this rule, jury determination shall be by general verdict. The remaining provisions of this rule should not be applied in simple cases where the general verdict will serve the ends of justice.
Rule 49.General Verdicts and Special Verdicts
Chapter VI: Trials · Last amended March 1, 1989 · Last verified July 14, 2026
In one sentenceRule 49 lets a Mississippi trial court choose between a general verdict, a special verdict answering specific written questions, or a general verdict paired with interrogatories, and it sets out exactly what happens when a jury's interrogatory answers do not line up with its own general verdict.
Full Text of Rule 49
(b) Special Verdict. The court may require a jury to return only a special verdict in the form of a special written finding upon each issue of fact. In that event the court may submit to the jury written questions susceptible of categorical or other brief answer or may submit written forms of the several special findings which might properly be made under the pleadings and evidence; or it may use such other method of submitting the issues and requiring written findings thereon as it deems most appropriate. The court shall give to the jury such explanation and instruction concerning the matter thus submitted as may be necessary to enable the jury to make its findings upon each issue. If in so doing the court omits any issue of fact raised by the pleadings or by the evidence, each party waives his right to a trial by jury of the issue so omitted unless before the jury retires he demands its submission to the jury. As to an issue omitted without such demand the court may make a finding; or if it fails to do so, it shall be deemed to have made a finding in accord with the judgment on the special verdict.
(c) General Verdict Accompanied by Answers to Interrogatories. The court, in its discretion, may submit to the jury, together with instructions for a general verdict, written interrogatories upon one or more issues of fact the decision of which is necessary to a verdict. The court shall give such explanation or instruction as may be necessary to enable the jury both to make answers and to render a general verdict. When the general verdict and the answers are harmonious, the appropriate judgment upon the verdict and answers shall be entered. When the answers are consistent with each other but one or more is inconsistent with the general verdict, judgment may be entered consistent with the answers, notwithstanding the general verdict, or the court may return the jury for further consideration of its answers and verdict or may order a new trial. When the answers are inconsistent with each other and one or more is likewise inconsistent with the general verdict, judgment shall not be entered, but the court shall return the jury for further consideration of its answers and verdict or shall order a new trial.
(d) Court to Provide Attorneys With Questions. In no event shall the procedures of subdivisions (b) or (c) of this rule be utilized unless the court, within a reasonable time before final arguments are made to the jury, provides the attorneys for all parties a copy of the written questions to be submitted to the jury.
Advisory Committee Notes
Rule 49 authorizes three types of verdicts—a general verdict, a special verdict, and a general verdict accompanied by answers to interrogatories. Trial judges have broad discretion to use special verdicts or general verdicts accompanied by answers to interrogatories. W.J. Runyon & Son, Inc. v. Davis, 605 So. 2d 38, 49 (Miss. 1992).
A general verdict is a single determination that disposes of the entire case, whereas a special verdict requires the jury to decide specific factual issues. Special verdicts are appropriate in complicated cases where their use might assist in focusing the jury’s attention on the specific relevant factual issues or cases in which jury bias or prejudice might arise. Thompson v. Dung Thi Hoang Nguyen, 86 So. 3d 232, 240 (Miss. 2012). If the special verdict submitted to the jury omits a fact issue raised by the pleadings or evidence, the parties will be deemed to have waived their right to jury trial on such issue unless jury trial on such issue is demanded before the case is submitted to the jury. In the absence of such a demand, the trial court may make the requisite factual findings.
A court may also submit a general verdict with written interrogatories about specific factual issues to the jury. If the general verdict and interrogatory answers are consistent, the court shall enter judgment reflecting the verdict and answers. If the interrogatory answers are internally consistent but one or more answers is inconsistent with the general verdict, the court may enter judgment based upon the answers despite their inconsistency with the general verdict, instruct the jury to further consider its verdict and answers, or order a new trial. When one of the interrogatory answers is inconsistent with another answer and also inconsistent with the general verdict, the court shall instruct the jury to further consider its verdict and answers or order a new trial.
A special verdict or general verdict with interrogatories directing the jury to separate economic and non-economic damages is necessary if a defendant is going to seek application of statutory caps on non-economic damages. See, e.g., Intown Lessee Assocs., LLC v. Howard, 67 So. 3d 711, 723-24 (Miss. 2011). Similarly, a special verdict or a general verdict with interrogatories may be useful in a case in which the law authorizes allocation of fault among the parties determined to be at fault. A special verdict or a general verdict with answers to interrogatories may also be useful in cases involving novel or uncertain law. If
the trial court is reversed on appeal, the special verdict or interrogatory answers may make retrial unnecessary if they contain sufficient factual findings on the relevant issues.
Amendment History
Effective March 1, 1989, Rule 49 was amended to provide for a General Verdict Accompanied by Answers to Interrogatories in jury trials. 536-538 So. 2d XXVI-XXVII (West Miss. Cas. 1989).
Plain-English Summary
Rule 49(a) makes the general verdict the default, and the rule itself says the more complicated procedures that follow should not even be used in simple cases where a general verdict already serves the ends of justice. Rule 49(b) gives the court a different tool for more complex cases: it can require the jury to return only a special verdict, meaning written findings on each disputed fact issue, using whatever format works — categorical questions, forms for the possible findings, or another method the court considers appropriate — along with enough explanation to let the jury answer. If the court's questions leave out a factual issue that the pleadings or evidence raised, a party who wants that issue decided by the jury must demand its submission before the jury retires; otherwise, that party waives the right to have a jury decide it, and the court can make its own finding on that issue or, if it does not, is deemed to have found in line with the eventual judgment.
Rule 49(c) offers a middle path: a general verdict paired with written interrogatories on particular fact questions. When the general verdict and the interrogatory answers agree, judgment follows both. When the interrogatory answers agree with each other but conflict with the general verdict, the court has three options — enter judgment consistent with the answers instead of the verdict, send the jury back for further deliberation, or order a new trial. When the interrogatory answers conflict with each other, and at least one also conflicts with the general verdict, the court cannot enter judgment at all; it must return the jury for further consideration or order a new trial.
Rule 49(d) adds a procedural safeguard that applies whenever the court uses a special verdict or a general verdict with interrogatories: the attorneys for every party must receive a copy of the written questions within a reasonable time before final arguments, so that closing arguments can be shaped around the actual questions the jury will be asked to answer.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a general verdict and a special verdict?
A general verdict is a single, overall decision that disposes of the whole case. A special verdict, under Rule 49(b), instead requires the jury to make written findings on specific fact issues, which the court then applies to reach a judgment.
Can a court combine a general verdict with written questions for the jury?
Yes. Rule 49(c) lets the court submit written interrogatories on particular fact issues along with instructions for a general verdict, creating a hybrid of the two approaches.
What happens if the jury's answers to interrogatories contradict its own general verdict?
It depends on the pattern. If the answers agree with each other but conflict with the verdict, the court may enter judgment based on the answers instead, send the jury back to reconsider, or order a new trial. If the answers conflict with each other and with the verdict, the court cannot enter judgment at all and must return the jury for further deliberation or order a new trial.
What if the special verdict questions leave out a factual issue raised at trial?
Rule 49(b) requires a party who wants that issue decided by the jury to demand its submission before the jury retires. Without that demand, the right to a jury determination on that issue is waived, and the court may make its own finding or be deemed to have found consistent with the judgment.
Do I get to see the jury questions before closing arguments?
Yes. Rule 49(d) requires the court to give the attorneys for all parties a copy of the written questions within a reasonable time before final arguments whenever a special verdict or interrogatories are used.
Source & verification. Rule text and Advisory Committee Notes are
reproduced verbatim from the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure, adopted by the
Supreme Court of Mississippi. Last verified July 14, 2026.
· Official source
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