(a) District Court Jurisdiction.
(1) When the District Court Has Jurisdiction. Except as provided in subdivision (a)(2) of this Rule, the District Court has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over actions for guardianship, adoption, change of name, or other matters involving custody or other parental rights with respect to a minor child brought under the Maine Uniform Probate Code, Title 18-C, under the following circumstances:
(A) If proceedings under the Maine Juvenile Code brought against the minor child are pending in the District Court;
(B) If proceedings involving custody or parental rights with respect to the minor child are pending in the District Court. Proceedings involving custody or parental rights include, but are not limited to:
(i) Adoption;
(ii) Divorce;
(iii) Parental rights and responsibilities;
(iv) Grandparents’ rights;
(v) Child protection;
(vi) Change of name;
(vii) Guardianship;
(viii) Parentage; and
(ix) Termination of parental rights; or
(C) If the minor child is or was the subject of an order issued by the District Court:
(i) Terminating parental rights;
(ii) Appointing a guardian, including a permanency, emergency, or interim guardian;
(iii) Awarding parental rights to a third party; or
(iv) Granting an adoption.
(2) When the District Court Does Not Have Jurisdiction. The District Court does not have jurisdiction over actions for guardianship, adoption, change of name, or other actions under Title 18-C involving custody or other parental rights with respect to a minor child in either of the following circumstances:
(A) The Probate Court retains jurisdiction over an action under Title 18-C that would otherwise be within the jurisdiction of the District Court and may not transfer that matter to the District Court because:
(i) At the time the proceeding that would trigger District Court jurisdiction is initiated, the testimonial hearing on the Title 18-C action has concluded and the Probate Court has that matter under advisement; and
(ii) The Probate Court has not determined that the District Court is the more appropriate forum for the Title 18-C action; or
(B) The only proceedings pending in the District Court involving custody or other parental rights with respect to the minor child are protection from abuse or protection from harassment proceedings and no other grounds for District Court jurisdiction under subdivision (b)(1) of this Rule are met.
(3) Definition of “Pending.” A case is “pending” in a court if a complaint, petition, or post-judgment motion has been filed and the final judgment or final order on that complaint, petition, or post-judgment motion has not yet been issued.
(b) Effect of District Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction.
(1) Once the District Court has exercised jurisdiction over guardianship, adoption, change of name, or other matters involving custody or other parental rights with respect to a minor child brought under Title 18-C, whether such proceeding was originally filed in the District Court or transferred from the Probate Court, the District Court has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over any subsequent matter concerning the minor child pursuant to 4 M.R.S. § 152(5-A), except to the extent that the District Court’s jurisdiction is precluded by the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, codified at chapter 58 of Title 19-A. Thereafter, any guardianship, adoption, change of name, or other actions under Title 18-C involving custody or other parental rights with respect to that minor child must be filed in the District Court.
(2) Once the District Court issues an order involving the minor child that (A) terminates parental rights; (B) appoints a guardian, including a permanency, emergency, or interim guardian; (C) awards parental rights to a third party; or (D) grants an adoption, the District Court has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over any subsequent matter concerning the minor child pursuant to 4 M.R.S. § 152(5-A), except to the extent that the District Court’s jurisdiction is precluded by the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act. Thereafter, any guardianship, adoption, change of name, or other matters involving custody or other parental rights with respect to that minor child or those minor children must be filed in the District Court.
(c) Initial Filings in the District Court.
(1) Starting a Case. A probate code matter initially filed in the District Court shall be started pursuant to Rule 101.
(2) Required Forms. In addition to the petition or post-judgment motion, a filing party must file a completed Family and Probate Matters Summary Sheet and a Jurisdictional Affidavit.
(3) Case Management Conference. The parties will be notified of the date and time of the case management conference within 14 days after the filing of the proof of service of the petition. The conference will be scheduled no earlier than 21 days after the service of the petition unless a response is received before the 21-day period has passed.
(d) Transfer of Any Pending Matters in Probate Court. The District Court presiding over any case involving a minor child under subdivision (a)(1)(A) or
(B) of this Rule shall, at the first conference, determine whether there are any proceedings involving custody or other parental rights brought under Title 18-C concerning that child currently filed or pending before a Probate Court and/or whether the District Court has issued an order involving the minor child under subdivision (a)(1)(C) of this Rule.
(1) Conference. Within 7 days of learning of any such proceeding concerning the child in a Probate Court, the District Court shall conduct a conference with the Probate Court. At that time, the District Court shall determine the appropriate action to facilitate a transfer of the matter from the Probate Court unless the District Court does not have jurisdiction pursuant to subdivision (a)(2) of this Rule. In making that determination, the District Court shall be guided by the requirement that the District Court serve as the home court for all cases involving a minor child’s custody or parental rights, whether filed in the Probate Court or District Court, while at the same time ensuring that parties are not required to re-litigate a matter that has already been heard by the Probate Court. Before determining the most appropriate action, the District Court shall consider all relevant factors, including:
(A) The type of case filed in each court,
(B) The identity of the parties,
(C) The extent of the Probate Court litigation,
(D) The extent of the litigation or anticipated litigation in the District Court,
(E) The length of time the proceeding has been pending in the Probate Court,
(F) The date and nature of any already-scheduled proceedings,
(G) Whether the Probate Court has already conducted any interim or started any final hearings, and
(H) Whether there are any impediments to the immediate transfer.
(2) Audio Record. The District Court shall make an audio record of the conference conducted with the Probate Court.
(3) No Conference Held. If the District Court is unable to hold a conference with the Probate Court within 7 days, the District Court shall, using the factors listed in subdivision (d)(1) of this Rule, determine the appropriate action to facilitate a transfer of the matter from the Probate Court.
(4) Transfer of the Case. As soon as possible, and in any case no more than 28 days after the conference with the Probate Court or 35 days after the District Court learns of the case pending or filed in the Probate Court, whichever is sooner, the District Court shall issue an order that immediately transfers the Probate Court proceeding to the District Court unless the court determines that immediate transfer would result in undue delay or waste of judicial resources or that the District Court does not have jurisdiction. If the District Court determines that it does have jurisdiction, but does not order immediate transfer, it shall issue an order that transfers the proceeding from Probate Court to District Court:
(A) As soon as a specified event in the Probate Court has occurred,
(B) As soon as the Probate Court has issued a non-final order ruling on a matter it has under advisement, or
(C) On a date certain. The District Court shall provide copies of the transfer order to all parties and to the Probate Court.
(5) Procedure for Transfer. Within 7 days after the date of transfer specified in the transfer order, the Register of the Probate Court shall file with the District Court that issued the order of transfer the original filings, orders, exhibits, and transcripts, if any, of the proceeding, together with a certified copy of all docket entries for the proceeding being transferred.
(6) Effect of Transfer. The transferred action shall be litigated in the District Court as if originally begun there, and the District Court shall have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction of all matters concerning the child(ren) involved in the transferred action pursuant to 4 M.R.S. § 152(5-A). Thereafter, any guardianship, adoption, name change, or other matter involving custody or other parental rights with respect to that minor child or those minor children must be filed in the District Court.
(7) Determining Course of Proceedings after Transfer. Immediately after issuing the order of transfer, the District Court shall schedule a case management conference, which must be held no later than 28 days after the issuance of the transfer order. Participants in the conference shall include the parties involved in the District Court proceeding and the Probate Court case that has been transferred. At the conclusion of that conference, the court shall decide whether to consolidate for hearing the case transferred from the Probate Court with the action already pending in the District Court, and shall determine the course of both cases.
(e) Effect of Previous Orders. Any order of the Probate Court entered before transfer shall remain in force until modified by the District Court.
The District Court has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over a Title 18-C guardianship, adoption, name-change, or other custody or parental-rights matter involving a minor child when a Maine Juvenile Code proceeding against the child is pending in the District Court; when a proceeding involving the child's custody or parental rights, including adoption, divorce, parental rights and responsibilities, grandparents' rights, child protection, name change, guardianship, parentage, or termination of parental rights, is pending there; or when the District Court has already ordered a termination of parental rights, appointed a guardian, awarded parental rights to a third party, or granted an adoption involving that child. The District Court doesn't have jurisdiction, though, if the Probate Court retains a Title 18-C matter because the testimonial hearing concluded and the case is under advisement without a finding that the District Court is the more appropriate forum, or if the only District Court proceedings involving the child are protection-from-abuse or protection-from-harassment cases with no other jurisdictional ground met. A case is "pending" once a complaint, petition, or post-judgment motion is filed and no final judgment or order has issued on it.
Once the District Court exercises jurisdiction over a Title 18-C matter, or issues an order terminating parental rights, appointing a guardian, awarding parental rights to a third party, or granting an adoption, its jurisdiction over any later matter concerning that child becomes exclusive and continuing under 4 M.R.S. § 152(5-A), except where the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act precludes it; every later Title 18-C filing involving that child must then go to the District Court.
A probate matter starting in the District Court begins under Rule 101 and requires a completed Family and Probate Matters Summary Sheet and Jurisdictional Affidavit along with the petition or post-judgment motion. The parties get notice of a case management conference within 14 days after proof of service is filed, scheduled no earlier than 21 days after service unless a response arrives sooner. At the first conference in a case involving a minor child under the rule's jurisdictional provisions, the District Court determines whether any Title 18-C proceeding concerning the child is pending in a Probate Court, or whether the District Court has already issued a qualifying order. If so, the District Court confers with the Probate Court within 7 days, guided by the goal of serving as the child's home court while avoiding re-litigation of matters the Probate Court already heard, weighing the type of case, the parties' identities, the extent of litigation in each court, how long the Probate Court case has been pending, scheduled proceedings, whether interim or final hearings have already occurred, and any impediment to immediate transfer; the District Court records this conference and, if it can't be held within 7 days, decides on the same factors without it. Within 28 days of the conference, or 35 days after learning of the Probate Court case, whichever comes first, the District Court orders an immediate transfer unless that would cause undue delay or waste of judicial resources, or the District Court lacks jurisdiction, in which case it can instead set the transfer to take effect at a specified later point. The Probate Register files the original record with the District Court within 7 days of the transfer date, the transferred case is litigated as though it began in the District Court, and the District Court schedules a case management conference within 28 days of the transfer order to decide whether to consolidate the transferred case with the pending District Court action. Any Probate Court order entered before the transfer stays in force until the District Court modifies it.