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Rule 39.Trial by Jury or by the Court

Group VI: Trials · Last amended 2022 · Last verified July 14, 2026

In one sentenceRule 39 explains what happens after a jury trial demand is made or not made — a proper demand generally locks in a jury trial unless the parties stipulate otherwise or the court finds no jury right exists, and even without a demand the court may order an advisory or consent jury.

Full Text of Rule 39

Text sizeJump to: (a) (b) (c)

(a) WHEN A DEMAND IS MADE. When a jury trial has been demanded under Rule 38, the trial on all issues so demanded must be by jury unless:
(1) the parties or their attorneys file a stipulation to a nonjury trial or so stipulate on the record; or
(2) the court, on motion or on its own, finds that on some or all of those issues there is no right to a jury trial.
(b) WHEN NO DEMAND IS MADE. Issues on which a jury trial is not properly demanded are to be tried by the court. But the court may, on motion, order a jury trial on any issue for which a jury might have been demanded.
(c) ADVISORY JURY; JURY TRIAL BY CONSENT. In an action not triable of right by a jury, the court, on motion or on its own:
(1) may try any issue with an advisory jury; or
(2) may, with the parties’ consent, try any issue by a jury whose verdict has the same effect as if a jury trial had been a matter of right, unless the action is one for which an applicable statute provides a nonjury trial.

Comments

2022 Amendments:

Section (a) was amended to address technical and functional changes necessary to implement the court’s new case management system.

2017 Amendments:

Rule 39 has been amended consistent with the 2007 stylistic changes to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 39. As with the prior version of the rule, the exception in subsection (c)(2) is framed in terms of local practice.

Comment:

Identical to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 39 except that "statutes of the United States" in section (a) has been changed to "applicable law" and the exception clause in section (c) has been rephrased so as to comprehend any applicable statute.

Plain-English Summary

Rule 38 governs how to demand a jury; Rule 39 governs what follows. Once a jury trial is properly demanded, Rule 39(a) requires that every issue covered by the demand be tried to a jury, with only two ways out: the parties stipulate to a nonjury trial, in writing or on the record, or the court finds — on its own or on motion — that some or all of the demanded issues carry no right to a jury trial in the first place.

When no one demands a jury on a given issue, Rule 39(b) sends that issue to the court instead. But that default isn't absolute — on motion, the court can still order a jury trial on an issue that could have been demanded but wasn't. Rule 39(c) covers cases with no jury right at all: the court may empanel an advisory jury on any issue on its own initiative or on motion, or, if every party consents, try an issue to a jury whose verdict binds the case exactly as a jury trial demanded of right would, unless an applicable statute requires that particular action be tried without a jury.

Frequently Asked Questions

If I properly demand a jury trial, is the court required to hold one?

Generally yes. Rule 39(a) requires the demanded issues to be tried by jury unless the parties stipulate to a nonjury trial, in writing or on the record, or the court finds that some or all of those issues carry no right to a jury trial.

What happens to an issue if nobody demands a jury trial on it?

Rule 39(b) sends it to the court for a bench trial. The court can still order a jury trial on that issue if a party moves for one, even though the issue wasn't included in a timely demand.

Can the court hold a jury trial even when the case involves no jury right?

Yes, in two ways. Rule 39(c) lets the court try any issue to an advisory jury on its own or on motion, and, if every party consents, lets the court hold a binding jury trial on an issue that has the same effect as a jury trial held as of right.

Can the parties agree to skip a jury trial even after demanding one?

Yes. Rule 39(a)(1) allows the parties or their attorneys to stipulate to a nonjury trial, either by a filed stipulation or by stipulating on the record.

Is there a limit on the court's authority to hold a consent jury trial under Rule 39(c)?

Yes. Rule 39(c)(2) does not permit a binding consent jury trial in an action for which an applicable statute provides that the matter be tried without a jury.

Source & verification. Rule text and official Comments are reproduced verbatim from the District of Columbia Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure, adopted by the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Last verified July 14, 2026. · Official source
Also known as: dc rule 39 jury or bench trialadvisory jury dc superior courtstipulation to nonjury trial dcno right to jury trial dc civil rules