Last amended May 25, 2006 · Last verified July 13, 2026
In one sentenceRule 37 supplies the enforcement machinery behind the discovery rules: motions to compel, expense-shifting for meritless positions, and sanctions ranging from established facts to dismissal or default for violating a discovery order.
(a)Motion for Order Compelling Discovery. A party, upon reasonable notice to all parties and all persons affected thereby, may apply for an order compelling discovery as follows:
(1)Appropriate Court. An application for an order to a party may be made to the court in which the action is pending, or, on matters relating to a deposition, to the court in the place where the deposition is being taken. An application for an order to a deponent who is not a party shall be made to the court in the place where the deposition is being taken.
(2)Motion. If a deponent fails to answer a question propounded or submitted under Rules 30 or 31, or a corporation or other entity fails to make a designation under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a), or a party fails to answer an interrogatory submitted under Rule 33, or if a party, in response to a request for inspection submitted under Rule 34, fails to respond that inspection will be permitted as requested, or fails to permit inspection as requested, or if a party, in response to a request under Rule 35(c), fails to provide an appropriate medical authorization, the discovering party may move for an order compelling an answer, or a designation, or an order compelling inspection in accordance with the request. The motion shall include a statement that the movant has in good faith conferred or attempted to confer with the person or party failing to make the discovery in an effort to secure the information or material without court action. When taking a deposition on oral examination, the proponent of the question may complete or adjourn the examination before he applies for an order.
(3)Evasive or Incomplete Answer or Response. For purposes of this subdivision, an evasive or incomplete answer or response is to be treated as a failure to answer or respond.
(4)Expenses and Sanctions.
(A)If the motion is granted or if the requested discovery is provided after the motion was filed, the court shall, after affording an opportunity to be heard, require the party or deponent whose conduct necessitated the motion or the party or attorney advising such conduct or both of them, to pay to the moving party the reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion, including attorneys’ fees, unless the court finds that the motion was filed without the movant’s first making a good faith effort to obtain the discovery without court action, or that the opposing party’s response or objection was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
(B)If the motion is denied, the court may enter any protective order authorized under Rule 26(c) and shall, after affording an opportunity to be heard, require the moving party or the attorney filing the motion or both of them to pay to the party or deponent who opposed the motion the reasonable expenses incurred in opposing the motion, including attorneys’ fees, unless the court finds that the making of the motion was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
(C)If the motion is granted in part and denied in part, the court may enter any protective order authorized under Rule 26(c) and may, after affording an opportunity to be heard, apportion the reasonable expenses incurred in relation to the motion among the parties and persons in a just manner.
(1)Sanctions by Court in Place Where Deposition Is Taken. If a deponent fails to be sworn or to answer a question after being directed to do so by the court in the place in which the deposition is being taken, the failure may be considered a contempt of that court.
(2)Sanctions by Court in Which Action Is Pending. If a party or an officer, director or managing agent of a party or a person designated under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a) to testify on behalf of a party fails to obey an order to provide or permit discovery, including an order made under subdivision (a) of this rule or Rule 35, the court in which the action is pending may make such orders in regard to the failure as are just, and among others the following:
(A)An order that the matters regarding which the order was made or any other designated facts shall be taken to be established for the purposes of the action in accordance with the claim of the party obtaining the order;
(B)An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to support or oppose designated claims or defenses, or prohibiting him from introducing designated matters in evidence;
(C)An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or staying further proceedings until the order is obeyed, or dismissing the action or proceeding or any part thereof, or rendering a judgment by default against the disobedient party;
(D)In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in addition thereto, an order treating as a contempt of court the failure to obey any orders except an order to submit to a physical or mental examination;
(E)Where a party has failed to comply with an order under Rule 35(a) requiring him to produce another for examination, such orders as are listed in paragraphs (A), (B) and (C) of this subdivision, unless the party failing to comply shows that he is unable to produce such person for examination. In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in addition thereto, the court shall require the party failing to obey the order or the attorney advising him or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, caused by the failure, unless the court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
(c)Expenses on Failure to Admit. If a party fails to admit the genuineness of any document or the truth of any matter as requested under Rule 36, and if the party requesting the admissions thereafter proves the genuineness of the document or the truth of the matter, he may apply to the court for an order requiring the other party to pay him the reasonable expenses incurred in making that proof, including reasonable attorney’s fees. The court shall make the order unless it finds that (1) the request was held objectionable pursuant to Rule 36(a), or (2) the admission sought was of no substantial importance, or (3) the party failing to admit had reasonable ground to believe that he might prevail on the matter, or (4) there was other good reason for the failure to admit.
(d)Failure of Party to Attend at Own Deposition or Serve Answers to Interrogatories or Respond to Request for Inspection. If a party, or an officer, director or managing agent of a party or person designated under Rule 30(b)(6) or 31(a) to testify on behalf of a party, fails (1) to appear before the officer who is to take his deposition, after being served with a proper notice, or (2) to serve answers or objections to interrogatories submitted under Rule 33, after proper service of the interrogatories, or (3) to serve a written response to a request for inspection submitted under Rule 34, after proper service of the request, the court in which the action is pending on motion may make such orders in regard to the failure as are just, and among others it may take any action authorized under paragraphs (A), (B) and (C) of subdivision (b)(2) of this rule. Any motion specifying a failure under clause (2) or (3) of this subdivision shall include a statement that the movant has in good faith conferred or attempted to confer with the party failing to answer or respond in an effort to obtain such answer or response without court action. In lieu of any other order or in addition thereto, the court shall require the party failing to act or the attorney advising him or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, caused by the failure, unless the court finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
The failure to act described in this subdivision may not be excused on the ground that the discovery sought is objectionable unless the party failing to act has applied for a protective order as provided in Rule 26(c).
(e)Failure to Supplement Responses. If a party fails to supplement responses seasonably as required by Rule 26(e), and another party suffers prejudice, then upon motion of the prejudiced party made before or at trial, the court may make any order which justice requires to protect the moving party, including but not limited to imposing any sanction allowed by subdivision (b)(2)(A)-(C) of this rule.
(f)Expenses Against State. Except to the extent permitted by statute, expenses and fees may not be awarded against the state of Arkansas under this rule.
Amendment History
Amended November 18, 1996, effective March 1, 1997; amended January 13, 1997, effective March 1, 1997; amended March 13, 2003; amended May 25, 2006.
Reporter's Notes
Reporter’s Notes to Rule 37: 1. With the exception of minor wording changes and the omission of Section (e) of FRCP 37, this rule [is] identical in substance to the Federal Rule. Prior Arkansas law was found in Ark. Stat. Ann. § 28-359 (Repl. 1962) which tracked the Federal Rule prior to its 1970 amendments.
2. As under prior Arkansas law, the imposition of sanctions for failure to make discovery rests in the discretion of the trial court. Diaz v. Southern Drilling Co., 427 F. 2d 1118 (C.C.A. 5th, 1970); Marshall v. Ford Motor Company, 446 F. 2d 712 (C.C.A. 10th, 1971). Overall, this rule should not effect any significant changes in Arkansas practice.
Addition to Reporter’s Notes, 1997 Amendment: The major change in this rule appears in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) and corresponds to an amendment to Rule 26(c). Under paragraph (2), a party moving to compel discovery must state in the motion, subject to Rule II, that it has attempted to resolve the dispute informally before seeking judicial intervention. Another change corresponds to an amendment to Rule 35(c) establishing a 30-day deadline for responding to a request for authorization to obtain medical records. As amended, paragraph (2) provides for a motion to compel if the authorization is not provided in a timely manner. In addition, the last sentence of paragraph (2) has been moved to paragraph (4).
Under revised paragraph (3) of subdivision (a), evasive or incomplete disclosures and responses to interrogatories and production requests are treated as failures to disclose or respond. Interrogatories and requests for inspection should not be read or interpreted in an artificially restrictive or hypertechnical manner to avoid disclosure of information fairly covered by the discovery request, and to do so is subject to appropriate sanctions.
Paragraph (4) of subdivision (a) has been divided into three subparagraphs for ease of reference, and in each the phrase "after opportunity for hearing" has been changed to "after affording an opportunity to be heard" to make clear that the court can consider such questions on written submissions as well as on oral hearings. Subparagraph (A) has been revised to cover the situation in which information that should have been produced without a motion to compel is produced after the motion is filed but before a hearing. It also provides that a party should not be awarded expenses for filing a motion that could have been avoided by conferring with opposing counsel. Subparagraph (C) has been amended to include the provision formerly contained in subdivision (a)(2) with respect to protective orders and to include the same requirement of an opportunity to be heard that is specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B).
Under revised subdivision (d), a party seeking discovery via interrogatory or inspection request must make an effort to obtain responses before filing a motion for sanctions. Similar requirements to attempt resolution of discovery disputes without court action appear in revised Rules 26(c) and 37(a)(2).
Addition to Reporter’s Notes, 2003 Amendment: In subdivision (b)(2), the word "person" in the first clause has been replaced with "party," thus making the provision consistent with the corresponding federal rule.
Addition to Reporter’s Notes, 2006 Amendment: The Rule has been amended by adding a new subdivision (e) and renumbering former subdivision (e) as (f). New subdivision (e) draws on the principles embodied in the 2000 amendment to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37, but establishes a different rule. Under this new Arkansas Rule, when a party fails to supplement discovery responses seasonably with new information, and prejudice results, then the prejudiced party may move the circuit court for relief. New subdivision (e) gives the circuit court wide discretion, including imposing any sanction allowed by Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 37, in handling any failure to supplement. This new provision works in tandem with the companion change in Arkansas Rule of Civil Procedure 26(e) to strengthen every party’s duty to supplement discovery responses promptly.
Plain-English Summary
Rule 37 is what turns the other discovery rules from suggestions into obligations. Rule 37(a) lets a party move to compel when a deponent will not answer a question, a corporation will not designate a witness under Rule 30(b)(6), a party will not answer an interrogatory, a party will not permit an inspection sought under Rule 34, or a party will not provide a medical authorization required by Rule 35(c). Before filing, the moving party has to certify a good-faith effort to resolve the dispute without court involvement -- the meet-and-confer requirement that shows up throughout the discovery rules. An evasive or incomplete answer counts the same as an outright refusal to answer, so a party cannot dodge the rule's force with a technically responsive but substantively empty answer.
Expense-shifting runs through the whole motion-to-compel process. If the motion succeeds, or if the requested discovery shows up only after the motion was filed, the court will make the resisting party (or the party's lawyer, or both) pay the reasonable expenses of the motion, including attorney's fees, unless the resistance was substantially justified or an award would be unjust. The same logic runs the other way: if the motion is denied, the court can shift the winning party's expenses onto the party who filed it, unless the motion itself was substantially justified. And where a motion succeeds in part and fails in part, the court can apportion expenses between the parties as it sees fit.
Rule 37(b) covers what happens once a court order is already on the books and someone disobeys it. A deponent who will not answer after the court orders an answer can be held in contempt where the deposition is being taken. For a party (or an officer, director, or managing agent of a party) who disobeys a discovery order in the case where the action is pending, the available sanctions run from treating disputed facts as established, to barring the disobedient party from supporting or opposing designated claims, to striking pleadings, staying the case, dismissing it, or entering a default judgment -- with contempt available in addition to or in place of any of those, except for refusing a physical or mental exam. Rule 37(d) covers the separate scenario where a party never responds at all -- failing to show up for a deposition, or never serving interrogatory answers or a response to a production request -- and makes the same range of sanctions available, again gated by a good-faith certification requirement for the interrogatory and inspection scenarios.
Two more provisions round out the rule. Rule 37(e) addresses the duty to supplement discovery responses under Rule 26(e): if a party fails to supplement seasonably and the other side is prejudiced, the court can impose any of the sanctions available for violating a discovery order. And Rule 37(f) limits expense awards against the State of Arkansas to what a statute independently permits, reflecting the state's sovereign immunity from fee-shifting absent explicit statutory authorization.
Frequently Asked Questions
What must I do before filing a motion to compel discovery in Arkansas?
Rule 37(a)(2) requires the motion to include a statement that the moving party made a good-faith effort to confer, or attempted to confer, with the party or person withholding discovery in order to resolve the dispute without court action. Filing without that effort can cost the moving party its right to recover expenses even if the motion succeeds.
What sanctions can a court impose for violating a discovery order in Arkansas?
Under Rule 37(b)(2), the court can order that disputed facts be treated as established, bar the disobedient party from supporting or opposing certain claims or defenses, strike pleadings, stay the case, dismiss it, or enter a default judgment. The court can also treat the violation as contempt, except for refusing to submit to a physical or mental examination, which is excluded from the contempt option.
Who pays attorney's fees on a motion to compel?
If the motion is granted, or the discovery is produced only after the motion is filed, the resisting party or lawyer ordinarily pays the moving party's reasonable expenses, including fees, unless the resistance was substantially justified. If the motion is denied, that burden can shift to the party who filed it, absent substantial justification for filing.
What happens if a party denies something in a request for admission that later turns out to be true?
Rule 37(c) lets the party who had to prove the fact ask the court to order the other side to pay the reasonable expenses of that proof, including attorney's fees -- unless the denial fell within a valid Rule 36(a) objection, the admission sought was unimportant, the denying party had reasonable grounds to think it might prevail, or there was other good reason for the denial.
What happens if a party fails to update an earlier discovery response with new information?
Rule 37(e) allows the prejudiced party to move the court for relief when a party fails to supplement a discovery response seasonably as Rule 26(e) requires. The court has broad discretion, including the same sanctions available under Rule 37(b)(2) for violating a discovery order.
Can the State of Arkansas be ordered to pay discovery sanctions?
Only to the extent a statute allows it. Rule 37(f) bars an award of expenses or fees against the state under this rule except as separately permitted by statute.
Is giving an evasive or incomplete discovery answer treated the same as refusing to answer at all?
Yes. Rule 37(a)(3) provides that an evasive or incomplete answer or response is treated as a failure to answer or respond, which means it can support a motion to compel just as a flat refusal would.
Source & verification. Rule text, Reporter's Notes, and amendment
history are reproduced verbatim from the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure, prescribed by
the Arkansas Supreme Court. The plain-English summary is original and written by us.
Last verified July 13, 2026. ·
Official source
Also known as:motion to compel arkansasdiscovery sanctions arkansasarkansas rule 37ARCP 37failure to answer interrogatories arkansasdiscovery order violation arkansasattorney fees discovery arkansasdeemed established facts arkansas