The time for moving for a new trial or to alter, amend, or vacate a judgment is here made 30 days, as has been customary in Alabama, rather than 10 days, as under the federal rule.
Subdivision (a) expressly provides that the grounds for a new trial under the rule shall be those which would have sufficed for a new trial or a rehearing under prior Alabama practice. Thus the rule makes no change in the grounds for a new trial, and prior Alabama decisions must be consulted to determine when a motion under this rule should be granted. In an action tried to a jury a new trial can be granted for any of the reasons listed in Code of Ala., Tit. 7, § 276, or for any of the common-law grounds not listed in that statute. Birmingham Electric Co. v. Yoast, 256 Ala. 673, 57 So.2d 103 (1951). The specific grounds for which a rehearing might have been granted in equity have heretofore been limited only by the sound discretion of the court, Ex parte Upchurch, 215 Ala. 610, 112 So. 202 (1927), and are evidenced only by the vast number of decisions pertaining thereto.
It is immaterial in determining the grounds for which a new trial can be granted under this rule whether the action is one which heretofore would have been “legal” or “equitable”. Instead it is the nature of the trial, whether to a jury or to the court, which determines whether the former law grounds or the former equity grounds are to be relied upon.
Under the Federal Rule, a new trial may be granted on part, rather than all, of the issues where such action is appropriate, whether or not the action was tried to a jury or without a jury. Although the early rule of the common law was to the contrary, Parker v. Godin, 2 Str. 813, 93 Eng.Rep. 866 (K.B.1729), the Federal Rule is that followed in England and in most American jurisdictions; it permits a partial new trial where justice demands such and where the issues are severable without confusion or injustice to any of the parties concerned. 39 Am.Jur., New Trial 45 (1942). And Alabama equity courts seem already to have the power to grant only a partial rehearing. See Equity Rule 62. This Rule does not permit a new trial on part of the issues in jury actions. This departure from the Federal Rule is intended to cover the situation where the plaintiff sues the defendant in an action where liability is, at best, weak, and the injuries are terrible. Plaintiff demands a jury and the jury compromises by giving the Plaintiff a small award. Plaintiff moves for a new trial and points to the pitifully small verdict in face of horrible injuries. The court could award a new trial, under the Federal Rule, on part of the issue-damages only. Under this rule, the trial court would not have the right to grant a new trial only on the issue of damages in a jury situation. Note that the Rule does not apply in a nonjury situation. Considering another hypothetical, suppose the Plaintiff sued the Defendant in a case involving aggravated liability and small damages. If the jury award is excessive and Defendant successfully obtains a new trial, the Plaintiff may wish to retry the liability issue as well as the damages issue.
Although this rule, and particularly subdivision (c), refer to the motion for new trial as being supported and opposed by affidavits, Rule 43 permits the court to hear oral testimony on the motion if it desires, as is done under present Alabama practice.
This rule abrogates the necessity of presenting post judgment motions to the judge and the entry of orders continuing such motions in order to keep them alive. It supersedes Title 13, Section 119, Code of Ala., and renders inapplicable the decisions pertaining thereto.
The final subdivision gives the plaintiff the right to urge reinstatement of the entire verdict on appeal by the defendant even though the plaintiff had previously accepted remittitur in an effort to prevent a new trial.
Committee Comments to October 1, 1995, Amendment to Rule 59
The amendment is technical. No substantive change is intended.
Committee Comments to the July 1, 2009, Amendment to Rule 59(dc)
All judgments entered by a district court in unlawful-detainer actions, residential and commercial, are subject to the 2006 amendment to § 6-6-350, Ala. Code 1975, which reduced the appeal time from 14 to 7 days for appeals of such judgments to the circuit court. Rule 59(dc) has been amended to require postjudgment motions in unlawful-detainer actions filed under this rule to be filed within the seven-day appeal period. If filed within that period such motions will be subject to the provisions of Rule 59.1(dc) regarding the disposition of posttrial motions. For unlawful-detainer actions subject to § 6-6-350, Ala. Code 1975, the amendment also reduces to seven days the time within which the court may, on its own initiative, order a new trial.
Committee Comments to Amendment to Rule 59(dc) Effective November 28, 2012
Issues have been raised regarding the applicability in the district court of certain rules of procedure to possessory actions for eviction under the Alabama Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act, Ala. Code 1975, §35-9A-101 et seq., as amended, and to possessory actions for unlawful detainer under Ala. Code 1975, § 6-6-310(2). This amendment addresses those issues.
First, language has been added to the (dc) provision of Rule 59 to make it clear that the exception therein applies to both eviction and unlawful-detainer actions. Second, with regard to computation of time in eviction and unlawfuldetainer actions, the amendment makes it clear that the exclusion in Rule 6(a) of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays for the computation of periods of less than 11 days has no application to the computation of any time periods in the district court in possessory actions for eviction or unlawful detainer and that "day" means "calendar day" in those computations.
Committee Comments to the Amendment of Rule 59(a) Effective April 9, 2026
The amendment to Rule 59(a) grants trial courts the discretion to order a new trial on all or part of the issues, regardless of whether the action was tried to a jury or without a jury. Previously, Alabama Rule 59 allowed a new trial as to all issues in jury cases, but it prohibited a new trial on part of the issues if the action was tried to a jury. The amendment allowing partial new trials in jury cases brings Alabama Rule 59(a) into line with Federal Rule 59 and similar rules in effect in other states.
Although this new power is not limited to new trials on damages only, the amendment confers that power. The Committee Comments on the rule's initial 1973 adoption referenced some concern about new trials on damages alone when liability issues are intertwined with damages. See Gasoline Prods. Co. v. Champlin Refining Co., 283 U.S. 494 (1931) (holding that, in some cases, liability may be so intertwined with the issue of damages that a new trial on all issues is required). In some cases, however, the issue of intertwining can be remedied by allowing the second jury to consider some evidence of liability, subject to the discretion of the trial court, so long as the evidence is relevant to the issue of damages. See, e.g., Watts v. Laurent, 774 F.2d 168 (7th Cir. 1985) (allowing plaintiff option of new trial on damages only).
The amendment makes no other changes to the rule and is not intended to alter, add, or eliminate any grounds for a new trial established under Alabama law.
District Court Committee Comments
The provision for treatment of new trial in jury cases is, of course, not relevant to district court practice and, accordingly, Rule 59(a)(1) has been deleted. In view of the short time frame in which motions for new trials should be filed and, further, in view of the short time frame for the automatic denial of a post-trial motion which has not been resolved under Rule 59.1, the more cumbersome practice for affidavits and counter-affidavits of Rule 59(c) has been deleted. Parties opposing motions for new trial with counter-affidavits should promptly file same with the court. Note from the reporter of decisions: The order amending, effective July 1, 2009, Rule 52(dc), Rule 55(dc), Rule 58(b), and Rule 59(dc), and adopting effective July 1, 2009, the Committee Comments to the July 1, 2009, Amendment to Rule 52(dc), the Committee Comments to the July 1, 2009, Amendment to Rule 55(dc), and the Committee Comments to the July 1, 2009, Amendment to Rule 59(dc) is published in that volume of Alabama Reporter that contains Alabama cases from 7 So. 3d.
Note from the reporter of decisions: The order amending, effective November 28, 2012, Rule 6(dc), Rule 12(dc), Rule 52(dc), Rule 55(dc), Rule 59(dc), and Rule 62(dc), and adopting the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 6(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 12(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 52(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 55(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 59(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, and the Committee Comments to the Amendment to Rule 62(dc) Effective November 28, 2012, is published in that volume of Alabama Reporter that contains Alabama cases from ___ So. 3d.
Note from the reporter of decisions: The order amending Rule 6 and Rule 59(a), Alabama Rules of Civil Procedure, and adopting the Committee Comments thereto, effective April 9, 2026, is published in that volume of Alabama Reporter that contains Alabama cases from __ So. 3d.