Rule 60.Relief from Judgment or Order.

Clerical mistakes in judgments, orders, or the record, along with errors from oversight or omission, can be corrected by the court at any time, on its own or on a party's motion, with whatever notice the court orders; during an appeal, the trial court can still fix these before the appeal is docketed, and afterward only with the appellate court's leave.

Beyond clerical fixes, a party can move for relief from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for six categories of reasons: mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; newly discovered evidence that diligence couldn't have turned up in time for a Rule 59(b) motion; fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by the other side; a judgment that's void; a judgment already satisfied, released, discharged, or based on an earlier judgment that's been reversed or vacated, or that it's no longer equitable to enforce prospectively; or any other reason justifying relief. The motion must come within a reasonable time, and for the first three reasons, no later than a year after the judgment, order, or proceeding. Filing the motion doesn't affect the judgment's finality or suspend it, and this rule doesn't limit a court's power to hear an independent action for relief from a judgment or to set aside a judgment obtained through fraud on the court; the old writs of coram nobis, coram vobis, and audita querela, along with bills of review, are abolished, leaving a motion under this rule or an independent action as the only paths to relief.